Exam 4: Dr. Sullivant Immunological Techniques

Question 1

What are the different diagnostic tests?

Answer 1

Primary binding tests*
Secondary binding tests
Tertiary binding tests
Measuring antibody levels with titers*
Molecular diagnostics*

Question 2

What are primary binding tests?

Answer 2

Directly detects antigen binding to antibody

Question 3

In primary binding tests, one of the reactants (Ab or Ag) must be chemically labelled for detection. What are those labels?

Answer 3

Radioisotopes
Fluorescent dyes
Enzymes

Question 4

What are examples of primary binding immunoassays?

Answer 4

Immunofluorescence assays (IFA)
Immunoenzymes assays

Question 5

What are immunofluorescence assays?

Answer 5

Direct or indirect fluorescent antibody tests

Question 6

What are immunoenzymes assays?

Answer 6

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)
Western blot
Immunohistochemistry

Question 7

What does the direct fluorescent antibody of IFAs do?

Answer 7

Detects specific Ag in patient sample

Question 8

What does the indirect fluorescent antibody of IFAs do?

Answer 8

Detects patient antibody to specific Ag

Question 9

What is bound antibody detected with in indirect fluorescent antibody of IFAs?

Answer 9

FITC-labeled antiglobulin

Question 10

What makes an ELISA test enzyme-linked?

Answer 10

An enzyme is conjugated to an antibody

Question 11

What happens to the enzyme in ELISA?

Answer 11

It changes color when mixed with a substrate

Question 12

What can ELISA detect?

Answer 12

Patient antibodies or antigens

Question 13

What does the SNAP test detect for heartworms?

Answer 13

Antigen

Question 14

What does the SNAP test detect for FeLV?

Answer 14

Antigen

Detects circulating FeLV virus

Question 15

What does the SNAP test detect for FIV?

Answer 15

Antibody

Positive with infection or vaccination

Question 16

What does the SNAP test detect for parvo?

Answer 16

Antigen

Question 17

What does the SNAP test detect for lyme, anaplasma, and ehrlichia?

Answer 17

Antibodies

Question 18

What does the SNAP test detect for leptospirosis?

Answer 18

Antibodies

Question 19

What is the clinical use of western blot?

Answer 19

Conformation of other test results

Rile out false positives (i.e. vaccination)

Question 20

What is the importance of enzymes with immunohistochemistry?

Answer 20

They are used as the label

They are conjugated with Ab or antiglobulin to locate specific antigen in tissue

Question 21

What is the clinal case of IHC?

Answer 21

Diagnosis of disease and determination of tissue type in tumors
Actin Ab used to determine if skeletal muscles is in origin

Question 22

Describe radioimmunoassays

Answer 22

Expensive

Clinical use: detection of trace drugs

Question 23

What is antibody titration?

Answer 23

Testing for the amount of circulating antibodies present in the serum to a given pathogen

Question 24

What does a high titer mean?

Answer 24

High concentration of antibodies

Question 25

What does serum neutralization do (secondary binding)?

Answer 25

Incubate different concentrations of serum with virus

Question 26

What is titer of microscopic agglutination tests?

Answer 26

The highest dilution that causes agglutination of 50% of the organisms

Question 27

What does a positive PCR mean?

Answer 27

Target DNA found in patient sample

Question 28

What is immunophenotyping useful for?

Answer 28

Assessing leukocyte populations