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Immunology - DVM year 1 > Exam 1: Dr. Pruett Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Dr. Pruett Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major lineages of hematopoiesis?

A

Erythroid
Myeloid
Lymphoid

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2
Q

What does the erythroid lineage produce?

A

Platelets and erythrocyte (blood)

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3
Q

What does the myeloid lineage produce?

A 
Neutrophil (blood)
Basophil (blood)
Eosinophil (blood)
Monocyte (blood)
Macrophage (tissue)
Dendritic cell (tissue)
Mast cell (tissue)
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4
Q

What does the lymphoid lineage produce?

A

NK cell (blood)
T cell, blood (effector T cell, tissue)
B cell, blood (plasma cell, tissue)

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5
Q

How can monitoring changes to hematopoiesis be achieved?

A

Complete blood cell counts

Observing changes in bone marrow aspirates

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6
Q

What is the first cell type to arrive at the site of an infection from the blood?

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

What do dead neutrophils make up?

A

Pus

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8
Q

What are the classifications of a neutrophil?

A

Granulocyte

Phagocyte

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9
Q

What is the life-span of neutrophils?

A

48 to 72 hours

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10
Q

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

A

Antimicrobial effectors, particularly in acute bacterial infection

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis
Degranulation
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation

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12
Q

What is the classification of an eosinophil?

A

Granulocyte

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13
Q

What is the life span of eosinophils?

A

Days to weeks

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14
Q

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

A

Antiparasitic effectors, particularly in helminthic infection
Some antiviral action
Roles in allergy

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for eosinophils?

A

Degranulation

Limited phagocytosis

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16
Q

What are eosinophils characterized by?

A

Pink granules

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17
Q

What do the granules in eosinophils do?

A

Attract other cell types

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18
Q

What is the classification of basophils?

A

Granulocyte

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19
Q

What is the life span of basophils?

A

Days

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20
Q

What is the primary function of basophils?

A

Mediator of inflammation

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action for basophils?

A

Degranulation

22
Q

What is the basophil characterized by?

A

Large, purple granules

23
Q

What is similar to basophils, but is in the tissues?

A

Mast cells

24
Q

What is the classification of mast cells?

A

Sentinel cells

25
Q

What is the location of mast cells?

A

Tissue

26
Q

What is the life span of mast cells?

A

Weeks to months

27
Q

What is the primary function of mast cells

A

Immune surveillance

Mediator and amplifier of inflammation and allergy

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action for mast cells?

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators via degranulation or synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokines

29
Q

What is the classification of a NK cell?

A

Lymphocyte

30
Q

What is the life span of NK cells?

A

Weeks to months

31
Q

What is the primary function of NK cells?

A

Destruction of virally infected or abnormal host cells (including tumor cells)

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action for NK cells?

A

Recognition of virally infected or abnormal host cells and targeted release of cytotoxic granules

33
Q

What are innate-like lymphocytes used in?

A

Some therapeutic treatments

34
Q

What is an example of an innate-like lymphocyte?

A

NK cells

35
Q

What is the life span of monocytes?

A

Days

36
Q

What is the primary function of monocytes?

A

Precursors of macrophages and DCs

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action for monocytes?

A

Limited antimicrobial function in blood

38
Q

What type of cells are monocytes/macrophages?

A

Phagocytic cells

39
Q

Where do monocytes/macrophaes move within? What do they do specifically there?

A

Tissues

Detect and move to microbes

40
Q

What do monocytes/macrophages do?

A

Kill microbes and involved in tissue healing/remodeling

41
Q

What is the life span of macrophages?

A

Months

42
Q

What is the primary function of macrophages?

A

Immune surveillance, moderate antimicrobial capacity, limited antigen presentation

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action for macrophages?

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators

Phagocytosis

44
Q

What is the life span of dendritic cells?

A

Months

45
Q

What is the primary function of dendritic cells?

A

Immune surveillance, antigen processing and presentation

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action for dendritic cells?

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators

Endocytosis and phagocytosis

47
Q

What is the classification for monocytes?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

48
Q

What are the classifications for macrophages?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes
Sentinel cell
Antigen-presenting cell

49
Q

What are the classifications for dendritic cells?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes
Sentinel cell
Antigen-presenting cell

50
Q

What is the cause of canine cyclic neutropenia?

A

Defective stem cell maturation in both melanocytes and bone marrow stem cells that produce neutrophils

Immunology - DVM year 1 (35 decks)

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