Exam 1: Dr. Kaplan Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

What does the adaptive response depend in for initiation?

Answer 1

Innate cells

Question 2

What are the professional APCs?

Answer 2

Dendritic cell
Macrophage
B cell

Question 3

What are the “inbetweeners”?

Answer 3

Cells that possess innate and lymphoid characteristics

Question 4

List the inbetweeners?

Answer 4

γδ T cells
B-1 cells]
NKT cells
Innate lymphoid cells

Question 5

What MHC is presented on all nucleated cells?

Answer 5

MHC class I

Question 6

What MHC is presented on professional APCs?

Answer 6

MHC class I and II

Question 7

What T cell does MHC class I recognize?

Answer 7

CD8

Question 8

What T cell does MHC class II recognize?

Answer 8

CD4

Question 9

What are innate-like lymphocytes?

Answer 9

Innate-like cells that impact adaptive immunity

Question 10

What is different about innate-like lymphocytes when compared to lymphocytes?

Answer 10

Limited receptor rearrangement
No clonal expansion when stimulated
React promptly to infection

Question 11

What are γδ T cells?

Answer 11

Innate-like T cell that expresses γδ TCR instead of the traditional αβ TCR

Question 12

Where do γδ T cells reside?

Answer 12

Within epithelia, especially skin. Also in lymphoid tissue, genital tract

Question 13

What are possible ligands for γδ T cells?

Answer 13

Proteins that get upregulated in response to infection or unusual nucleotides or phospholipids

Question 14

What is different about what is recognized by γδ T cells when compared to αβ T cells?

Answer 14

The don’t usually recognize the antigen as an epitope presented by MHC, but rather recognize the antigens directly

Question 15

What does γδ T cells recognizing antigen directly allow for?

Answer 15

Rapid response to a wide variety of molecules

Question 16

What do γδ T cells secrete?

Answer 16

IFN-γ, TNF-α, antibacterial peptides, and granulysin

Question 17

What do γδ T cells acquire during maturation?

Answer 17

The characteristics of professional APCs

Question 18

What do γδ T cells express?

Answer 18

Different but limited receptor repertoires in different tissues

Question 19

What does tissue repair function through in γδ T cells?

Answer 19

The secretion of fibroblast growth factor

Question 20

What do B-1 B cells express?

Answer 20

CD5

Question 21

Where do B-1 B cells reside?

Answer 21

Mainly in peritoneal and pleural cavities

Question 22

What are the antibodies secreted by B-1 B cells like?

Answer 22

Low affinity, polyspecific, and made against bacterial polysaccharides and other carbohydrates

Question 23

What do B-1 B cells produce antibodies in response to?

Answer 23

Polysaccharides

Question 24

What type of antibodies are of B-1 origin?

Answer 24

Natural antibodies (antibodies reactive against A and B blood antigens in the absence of active immunization

Question 25

When do B-1 B cells arise?

Answer 25

Early in embryonic development, their development precedes that of the majority subset

Question 26

What percentage of B cells do B-1 cells comprise?

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

What 2 antibodies are expressed on the surface of B cells?

Answer 27

IgM and IgD

Question 28

What antibody is expressed more of the surface of B-1 B cells?

Answer 28

IgM

Question 29

Why are γδ T cells and B1 cells innate like?

Answer 29

They can respond to primary infection without first undergoing a lengthy period of clonal expansion and differentiation

Question 30

What are innate lymphocytes?

Answer 30

Cells that have lymphoid progenitor and morphology but respond rapidly and robustly in a non-specific manner

Question 31

What makes innate lymphocytes distinct from lymphocytes?

Answer 31

They have limited receptor rearrangement

Question 32

What are roles of innate lymphocytes?

Answer 32

Tissue defense, repair, immune homeostasis, and contributing or initiating adaptive immune responses

Question 33

What are group 1 iLCs?

Answer 33

Cells that produce IFN-γ TNF-α Include NK cells Anti-viral, anti-tumor

Question 34

What are group 2 iLCs?

Answer 34

Cells that produce IL-4, 5, 9, and 19 (Th2 like) Anti-helminthic Pro-allergy

Question 35

What are group 3 iLCs?

Answer 35

Cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 like) Lymphoid organogenesis Anti-bacterial

Question 36

What is cytokine production like?

Answer 36

Rapid and sustained "first responders"

Question 37

What could cytokine production stimulate?

Answer 37

T cell differentiation and/or immune homeostasis

Question 38

What do NK cells produce?

Answer 38

IFN-γ to induce Th1 responses

Question 39

What do ILC2 cells produce?

Answer 39

IL-4 to induce Th2 responses

Question 40

What do ILC2 cells produce?

Answer 40

IL-13 to induce DC homing to lymph nodes, which can also induce Th2 responses

Question 41

What can NK cells kill?

Answer 41

Immature DC

Question 42

What iLC groups express MHC class II?

Answer 42

2 and 3 to allow for interactions with CD4 cells

Question 43

What do iLCs come from?

Answer 43

Lymphoid progenitor

Question 44

What are receptors like for iLCs?

Answer 44

Limited receptor rearrangement

Question 45

Where do lymphocytes do?

Answer 45

Lymphoid progenitor

Question 46

What are receptors like for lymphocytes?

Answer 46

Receptor gene rearrangements allow for specific pathogen recognition

Question 47

What are NKT cells?

Answer 47

Innate lymphocytes that express αβ TCRs, albeit with limited diversity

Question 48

What do some NKT cells recognize?

Answer 48

Microbial lipids presented by CD1 proteins

Question 49

WHat do NKT cells secrete?

Answer 49

Large amounts of IFN-γ and IL-4

Question 50

How can NKT cells respond to infection?

Answer 50

Rapidly

Question 51

Do NKT cells generate a memory response?

Answer 51

No

Question 52

What is CD1?

Answer 52

MHC-like gene but utside of the MHC region in the genome

Question 53

What does the CD1 protein share features with?

Answer 53

Both MHC I and MHC II

Question 54

What is the structure of CD1 like?

Answer 54

Similar to MHC 1 and uses β2-microglobulin

Question 55

How does CD1 behave?

Answer 55

Like MHC II for ligand binding

Question 56

What do CD1 molecules have?

Answer 56

Hydrophobic channels that bind hydrocarbon alkyl chains