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Immunology - DVM year 1 > Exam 2: Dr. Pinchuk MHC > Flashcards

Exam 2: Dr. Pinchuk MHC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major histocompatibility complex?

A

MHC molecules and other proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation encoded in a cluster of closely linked genes

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2
Q

What was MHC first recognized as?

A

The site of genes that cause T cells to reject tissues transplanted from unrelated donors and recipients

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3
Q

Why can MHC not recombine?

A

It is germline encoded

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4
Q

What is MHC called in humans?

A

Human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA)

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5
Q

What are isotypes?

A

Products of the different MHC 1 and 2 genes

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6
Q

What are alleles?

A

The different forms of any given gene

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7
Q

What are allotypes?

A

Different products of any given gene

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8
Q

Which has a smaller diversity, MHC or TCR?

A

MHC

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9
Q

What are the 2 components of MHC diversity?

A

Multiple gene families

Genetic polymorphism

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10
Q

How many isotypes of MHC I do you have?

A

12: 6 from your mother and 6 from your father

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11
Q

What is a heterozygous individual?

A

Individual that inherited 2 different forms of the gene from parents

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12
Q

What is a homozygous individual?

A

Individual that inherited the same forms of the gene from parents

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13
Q

What is the HLA haplotype?

A

The particular combination of HLA alleles found on a given chromosome 6

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14
Q

What is HLA type?

A

The combination of all HLA alleles a person has

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15
Q

What is MHC like in each animal?

A

Similar, but they have a different genetic structure

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16
Q

Look at pictures of MHC class I and II structures

A

Look at pictures of MHC class I and II structures

17
Q

What must T cells recognize?

A

A specific antigen with the correct combination with HLA

18
Q

Look at MHC restriction

A

Look at MHC restriction

19
Q

What is a significant difference between survivors and fatalities when an infectious disease strikes a population?

A

The complement of MHC molecules present in each individual

20
Q

What does species-wide MHC polymorphism do?

A

Reduce the likelihood that a single infectious agent will destroy and entire population of animals

21
Q

What are the advantages to multiple MHC genes that arise from balancing selection?

A

Contribute different peptide-binding specificities
A greater number of pathogen-derived peptides is presented during any infection
The strength of the immune response against the pathogen is improved by increasing the number of activated pathogen-specific T cells
Ensures that most members of the population are heterozygotes

22
Q

What does balancing selection provide?

A

Polymorphism of MHC genes and molecules

23
Q

What is directional selection?

A

Favors certain MHC alleles at the expense of others and is imposed by specific, epidemic disease
Replaces older alleles with newer variants

24
Q

What is the outcome of directional selection?

A

Change, not balance

25
Q

When does directional selection happen?

A

After infectious diseases

26
Q

What causes people to have AIDS?

A

Presenting antibody to HIV

27
Q

Look at HIV graph

A

Look at HIV graph

28
Q

Which T cell chains are MHC restricted?

A

Alpha and beta

29
Q

What MHC classes do all animals studied have?

A

1, 2, and 3

30
Q

In general, how are MHC classes II and III described? What does it mean?

A

Orthologus

Derived from a single ancestor and have not been subjected to major rearrangements during evolution

31
Q

How is MHC class I described? What does it mean?

A

Paralogous

They have been reorganized multiple times and it is very difficult to compare them in different species

32
Q

Overall, what is the structure and function go MHC molecules like in domestic mammals?

A

They do not differ significantly

Immunology - DVM year 1 (35 decks)

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