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NRSG 100: Fundamentals > Exam 4: Chapter 39 Airway Management > Flashcards

Exam 4: Chapter 39 Airway Management Flashcards

1
Q

Factors Essential to Normal Functioning of the Respiratory System: Integrity

A

Integrity of the airway system to transport air to and from lungs

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2
Q

Factors Essential to Normal Functioning of the Respiratory System: Properly

A

Properly functioning alveolar system in lungs. Oxygenates venous blood and removes CO2 from blood

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3
Q

Factors Essential to Normal Functioning of the Respiratory System: Properly functioning cardiovascular and hematologic systems

A

Carry nutrients and wastes to and from body cells

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4
Q

Upper Airway Functions

A

Warm, Filter, Humidify Inspired Air

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5
Q

Upper Airway omponents

A

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Epiglottis

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6
Q

Lower Airway Functions

A

Conduction of air , mucociliary clearance, production of pulmonary surfactant

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7
Q

Lower Airway Components

A

Trachea
Right and Left Mainstem Bronchi
SEgmental Bronchi
Terminal Bronchioles

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8
Q

Lower Airway Cilia Function

A

Line and help clean out foreign matter to ensure that it does not go into the lungs

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9
Q

Anatomy of Lungs: Extend from

A

the base of the diaphragm to the apex above the first rib

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10
Q

The right side has how many lobes?

A

3

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11
Q

Left side has how many lobes?

A

2

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12
Q

Lungs composed of?

A

Elastic tissue (alveoli, surfactant, pleura)

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13
Q

Lung Listening: Be sure to listen to

A

front and back on both sides

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14
Q

What is inspiration?

A

The active phase of ventilation

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15
Q

What does Inspiration involve?

A

Involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs

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16
Q

What is Expiration?

A

THe passive phase of ventilation

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17
Q

What does Expiration involve?

A

The movement of fair out of the lungs

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18
Q

What events occcur during inspiration?

A

Diaphragm contacts and descends, lengthening the thoracic cavityl the external intercostal muscles contact, lifting the ribs upward and outwward

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19
Q

Gas Exchange (REspiration) refers to

A

the intake of oxygen adn release of carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Gas Exchange mad possible by

A

respiration and perfusion

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21
Q

Gas Exchanges occurs via

A

Diffusion

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22
Q

Gas Exchange occurs in

A

Alveoli so O2 diffuses into blood and CO2 diffusees from blood to exhaled air

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23
Q

Transport of Repiratory Gases: Oxygen is carried

A

in the body via plasma and red blood cells

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24
Q

Transport of Repiratory Gases: Most oxygen (97%) is

A

carried by red blood cells in teh form ox oxyhemoglobin

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25
Q

Transport of Repiratory Gases: Hemoglobin also carries

A

CO2 in the form of Carboxyhemoglobin

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26
Q

Alterations in REspiraotry Functions: Hypoxia

A

Inadequate amount of oxygen available to cells (Low O2)

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27
Q

Alterations in REspiraotry Functions: Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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28
Q

Alterations in REspiraotry Functions: Hypoventilation

A

Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

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29
Q

Alterations in REspiraotry Functions: What can cause Hypoventilation?

A

Narcotics

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30
Q

Factors Affecting CArdiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation: Level of Health Examples

A

COPD, Asthma, Pheumonia

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31
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation: Developmental COnsiderations

A

Infant will be much higher than a adult

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32
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation: Medication Considerations

A

Nacrotics decrease respiration and breathing while increasing heart rate

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33
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation: Physchological Health Considerations

A

Stress, Anxiety

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34
Q

Respiratory Functioning in the Older Adult

A

Decreased gas excchange and increased work in breathing.

Decreased ventilation and ineffective cough

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35
Q

Respiratory Functioning in the Older Adult: Deep breathe, should use

A

spirometer

36
Q

Respiratory Functioning in the Older Adult: Head of Bed

A

Head of bed should be elevated

37
Q

Physical Assessment: Inspection

A

LOC, Orientation, General Appearance, Respiratory Rate, Any Distress, Skin Color

Are they using accessory muscles? Hunched over?

38
Q

Physical Assessment: Palpation

A

Skin Temperature, Capillary Refill, Pulses

39
Q

Physical Assessment: Auscultation

A

Bilateral Lungs, Anterior and Posterior

40
Q

What do crackles sound like?

A

High Pitched
Heard During Inspirration
Not Cleared By Cough

41
Q

What do Rhonchi sound like?

A

RUmbling
Course Sounds
Like a Snore
May Clear with Coughing

42
Q

What does Wheeze sound like?

A

Muscial Noise During Inspiration/Expiration

Usually Louder During Expiration

43
Q

What does Aterial Blood Gas measure?

A

Measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and CO2 in the blood from the artery

44
Q

Arterial Blood Gas test is used to check how

A

well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove CO2 from the blood

45
Q

Normal pH range?

A

7.35 - 7.45

46
Q

If pH higher than 7.45, whats it called

A

Alkalosis

47
Q

If pH lower than 7.35, whats it called

A

Acidic

48
Q

What happens if PO2 is low?

A

O2 is low

49
Q

What does PCO2 represent?

A

partial pressure of CO2 in blood

50
Q

What does HCO3 represent?

A

Bicarb-Matabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis

51
Q

Normal PO2 range?

A

80-100

52
Q

Normal PCO2 range?

A

35-45

53
Q

Normal HCO3 range?

A

22-28

54
Q

What is Pulse Oximetry?

A

Measurs the arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood

55
Q

Normal range for Pulse Oximetry?

A

95-100%

56
Q

Pulse Oximetry: What does a value less than 90% indicate?

A

oxygenation to the tissues is inadequate and requires immediate intervention

57
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing: DEep breathing used for

A

Surgery Pts

58
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing: Position

A

High Fowler is position of choice. Increase of fluids can help thin secretions

59
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing: Using Incentive Spirometry Goal

A

Goal is to breathe deep enough to get dial to raise up to goal

60
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing: Pursed Lip Breathing

A

This is slow and prolonged and results in improve air exchange and decreased dyspnea

61
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing: Diaphragmatic Breathing

A

Useful for those with COPD. THis reduces the respiratiory rat, increases alveolar ventilation, and sometimes helps expel as much air as possible during expiration

62
Q

Chest Physiotherapy: Percussion

A

CUpped hands over back to break up

63
Q

Chest Physiotherapy: Vibration

A

Helps get secretions moving

64
Q

Chest Physiotherapy: Postural Drainage

A

Change position to facilitate drainage

65
Q

Chest Physiotherapy: Used for

A

Loosening secretions

66
Q

Chest Physiotherapy: When should this be done

A

1 hour before or after meal. Vomiting and Aspiration can occur. Can also be done at bedtime

67
Q

What is a nasal cannula?

A

Most commonly used oxygen delivery device. Plastic device with two protruding prongs that are inserted into the nostrils

68
Q

What is a simple face mask?

A

Connected to oxygen tubing, a humidifer, and a flow meter. Has vents on its side that allow room air to leak in at many places, therby diluting the source oxygen

69
Q

When is a simple face mask used?

A

Used when an increased delivery of oxygen is needed for short periods (less than 12 hours)

70
Q

Flow rate for simple face mask?

A

Less thran 5 L/min

71
Q

What is a Partial Re-breather Mask?

A

Like a simple face mask, but is equuipped wiht a reservoir bag for the collection of the first part of the patietns exhaled air . CAn inhale oxygen from teh room

72
Q

What is a Nonrebreather mask

A

Deliverys the highest concentration of oxygen via a mask to a spontaneously breathing patient. Similar to the parital rebreather mask except that two one way valves prevent the patient from rebreathing exhaled air

73
Q

What is a Venturi Mask

A

allows the mask to delivery the most precise concentration of oxygen. Mask has large tube with oxygen inlet. As the tube narrows, the pressure drops

74
Q

Precautions for Oxygen Administration: Avoid open

A

flames in patients room

75
Q

Precautions for Oxygen Administration: Place

A

“no smoking” signs in conspicous places

76
Q

Precautions for Oxygen Administration: Check

A

to see that electrical equipment in the room is in good working order

77
Q

Precautions for Oxygen Administration: Avoid wearing

A

and using synthetic fabrics (build up static electricity)

78
Q

Precautions for Oxygen Administration: Avoid using

A

oils in the ara (oils ignite spontaneously in oxygen

79
Q

What is a Oropharyngeal Airway?

A

Semicircular tube of plastic or rubber inserted into the back of the pharynx. Used to keep tongue clear fo airway

80
Q

What is a nasopharyngeal airway?

A

Inserted through the naris and protrudes into teh back of the pharynx.

81
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

An artificial opening made into the trachea, usually at the level of the second or third cartilaginous ring

82
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Assess

A

For pain prior

83
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Position

A

Semi-Fowlers position if patietn can tolerate it

84
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Adjust

A

Suction to appropriate pressure

85
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Suction

A

On teh way out for no more than 10-15 seconds at a time

86
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Allow

A

at least 30 seconds before additional attempt, no more than two passes

87
Q

Suctioning Key Points: Oxygenate

A

between suction passes. Maintain patient airway

NRSG 100: Fundamentals (27 decks)

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