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NRSG 100: Fundamentals > Exam 1 - Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection?

A

A disease state that results from the presence of pathogens

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2
Q

Six components of a infection cycle?

A 
Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal Of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portals of Entry
susceptible Host
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3
Q

Examples of infections caused by viruses?

A

Common cold, hep B and C, and AIDS

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4
Q

What is the REservoir?

A

The growth and multiplication of microorganisms is the natural habitat of the organism

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5
Q

What is the Portal of Exit?

A

The point of escape for the organism from the reservoir.

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6
Q

Means of Transmission: Direct Contact

A

REquires close proximity between the susceptible host and an infected person or a carrier

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7
Q

Means of Transmission: Indirect Contact

A

Contact with either a Vector or Fomite

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8
Q

What is a vector?

A

A living creatre that transmits an infectious agent ot a human

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9
Q

what is a fomite?

A

Inanimate objects that spread diseases, such as equipment or countertops

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10
Q

What type of droplets are there to spread disease?

A

Droplet Transmission and Airborne Transmission

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11
Q

Difference between Droplet TRansmission and Airborne Transmission?

A

Airborne particles are less than 5 mcm, while droplet particles are greater than 5 mcm

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12
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi - Reservoir

A

Ticks (Sheep, Cattle, Deer, Mice)

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13
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi - Meanss of Transmission

A

Contact (Indirect-Vectors)

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14
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi - Disease Transmitted

A

Lyme Disease

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15
Q

What are the four stages of infection?

A

Incubation Period
Prodromal Stage
Full (Acute) Stage of Illness
Convalescent Period

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16
Q

What is the Incubation Period?

A

Interval between the pathogens invasion of the body adn the appearance of symptoms of infection

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17
Q

What is the Prodromal Stage?

A

A person is most infectious during the prodromal stage. EArly signs and symptoms are present

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18
Q

What is Full Stage of Illness

A

Presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

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19
Q

What is the Convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection

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20
Q

What two phases do the bodys response occur in?

A

Vascular and cellular phases

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21
Q

What happens in the Vascular phase?

A

Small blood vessels constrict in the area, followed by vasodilation of arterioles and venules that supply the area

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22
Q

What happens in the cellular phase?

A

WBCs move quickly into the area. Neutrophils engulf the organism and consume cell debris and forein material.

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23
Q

What is released from a wound?

A

Exudate, which is composed of fluid, cells, adn inflammatory byproducts.

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24
Q

The exudate may appear to be..

A

Clear (Serous), contain red blood cells (sanguineous) or contain pus (purlent)

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25
Q

What is an antigen?

A

The foreign material

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26
Q

What is an antibody ?

A

The body commonly responds to the anitgen by producing this

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27
Q

The Antigen-Antibody response is also known as?

A

Humoral Immunity

28
Q

What occurs in cell-mediated immunity?

A

This involves an increase in the number of lymphocytes (WBCs) that deestroy or react with cells the body recognizes as harmful

29
Q

Normal value WBC (leukocyte) count?

A

5.000 to 10,000

30
Q

Neutrophil normal percentage?

A

60-70%

31
Q

Lymphocytes normal percentage?

A

20-40%

32
Q

First step you take in nursing process for infection prevention and control?

A

Assessing

33
Q

Second step you take in nursing process for infection prevention and control?

A

Diagnosing

34
Q

What is asepsis?

A

The practice of all activites to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

35
Q

What are the two aspesis categories?

A

Medical asepsis and surgical aspesis

36
Q

What is medical aspesis?

A

clean technique that involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and trasnfer of pathogens. This includes hand hygiene and wearing gloves

37
Q

What is surgical asepsis?

A

sterile technique , the practice used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms

38
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (1)

A

Before touching a patient

39
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (2)

A

BEfore a clean or aseptic procedure

40
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (3)

A

After a body fluid exposure risk

41
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (4)

A

After touching a patient

42
Q

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (5)

A

After touching patient surrounds

43
Q

What are the two types of bacterial flora that are normally found?

A

Transient bacteria and resident bacteria

44
Q

How is transient bacteria removed?

A

By handwashing, and has the potential to adjust to the ski.

45
Q

What happens if you have resident bacteria on the skin?

A

The hands then become carriers of that particular organism.

46
Q

What is a Health Care-Associated Infection (HAIs)

A

This is used to specify an infecition that originates or takes place in a hospital

47
Q

Infection is referred to as exogenous when

A

the causative organism is acquired from other peopple

48
Q

An endogenous infection occurs when

A

the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person

49
Q

infection is referred to as iatrogenic when

A

it results from a treatment or a diagnostic procedure

50
Q

what are the four nosocomial Infections?

A

Urinary Tract Infections
Surgical Site Infections
Blooddstream Infections
Pneumonia

51
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus is also named what?

A

S. Aureus is named MRSA

52
Q

S. Aureus is resistant to?

A

Methicillin-Resistant

53
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus is also named what?

A

VRSA

54
Q

VRSA is resistant to?

A

Vancomycin

55
Q

Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is resistant to?

A

Carbapenem

56
Q

S Aureus is normally found where?

A

On the skin, nasal mucous membranes, and in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

57
Q

What does MRSA stand for?

A

Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus

58
Q

Difference between VISA and VRSE

A

Vancomycin Intermediate-Resistant S. Aureus

Vancomycin Resistant S. Aureus

59
Q

Where is VRE found and how is it dangerous?

A

VRE is found in normal intestinal and genitourinary tracts and dcause HAIs wit h high mortality rate

60
Q

What are CRE?

A

Carbapenum Resistant; associated with a 40-50% mortality rate

61
Q

what does disinfection do

A

destroys all pathogenic oganisms eexcept spores

62
Q

what does sterilization do?

A

Destroys all microorganisms; including spores

63
Q

Transmission-Based Precaustions

A

Used in addition to standard precautions for patients in hospitals with suspected infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes

64
Q

What are the two tiers of precautions?

A

Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions

65
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

Precautions used in the care of all hospitalized patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status

66
Q

What are the three types of transmission based precautions

A

airborne, droplet, contact

67
Q

Immunocompromised patients are usually infected by

A

pathogens within their own body, rather than those transmitted by other individuals

NRSG 100: Fundamentals (27 decks)

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