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NRSG 100: Fundamentals > Exam 4: Chapter 38 Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Exam 4: Chapter 38 Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Infants: What is easiest for infants intestines?

A

Breast milk

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2
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color for breastfed infants?

A

Have more frequent stools and are yellow to golden and loose, and usually have little odor

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3
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stools for formula fed infants?

A

Yellow to brown, and are paste like. Have a strong odor because of decomposition of protein

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4
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stools of both breastfed and formula fed infants have

A

curds and mucus

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5
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Number of Stools of Breastfed vs Formula Fed Infants

A

Breastfed: 2-10 a Day
Formula: 1-2 a day

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6
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Food and Fluid: How much fiber and fluid should you intake?

A

25-30 G Fiber

2000-3000 mL of fluid

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7
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: What are some high fiber foods?

A

WHole grains and brain, dried peas and beans, and freesh fruis and vegetables increase bulk

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8
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Some Constipation foods?

A

Processed Cheese, Lean Meat, Eggs, Pasta, Rice, White Bread, Iron, and Calcium Supplements

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9
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Foods with Laxative Effects?

A

Certain Fruits and Veggiees, Bran, Chocolate, SPicy Foods, Alcohol, Coffee

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10
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Gas Producing Foods?

A

Onions, Cabbage, Beans, Cauliflower

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11
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Short term of stress?

A

Diarrhea

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12
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Long term of stress?

A

May lead to frequent constipation

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13
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with any drug that may cause GI bleeding?

A

Pink to red to black

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14
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with iron salts?

A

Black stools

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15
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with bismuth subsalicylate?

A

black stools

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16
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: stool color with antacids?

A

white discoloration or speckling

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17
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: stool color with antibiotics?

A

green-gray color related to impaired digestion

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18
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Common cause of medication induced constipation?

A

Opioids

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19
Q

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: What other drugs can cause constipation?

A

Antacids containing iron sulfate, almuninum, and anticholinergic

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20
Q

What is Paralytic ileus?

A

Direct manipulation of the bowel during abdominal surgery inhibiting peristalsis

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21
Q

Abdominal assessment order?

A

Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion and Palpations

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22
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: How long should you listen to the abdomen?

A

Listen 2 minutes before absence of sounds

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23
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Inspection

A

Observe contour, any masses, scars, or distention

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24
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Auscultation

A

Listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants

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25
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: What should you do in Auscultation?

A

Note frequency and character, audible clicks and flatus.

Describe bowel sounds as hypoactive, hyperactice, absent or infrequent

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26
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Percussion and Palpations

A

Performed by advanced practice professionals

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27
Q

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: When performing palpation, how should the patients knees be?

A

Bend the patients knees if possible

28
Q

Stool Collection: What technique should you use

A

Medical Aseptic technique. Always wear disposable gloves when any contact or handling of a stool specimen is likely

29
Q

Stool Collection: Hand Hygiene

A

Before and after glove use is essential

30
Q

Stool Collection: How much liquid stool do you need?

A

15-30 mL

31
Q

Stool Collection: What should be placed on the container?

A

Date, time, patient info, who took/initials

32
Q

What do black stools represent in turn of bleeding?

A

Upper GI Bleeding

33
Q

What do red stools represent in terms of bleeding?

A

Lower GI Bleeding

34
Q

What is FOBT used for?

A

Used to detech occult blood in stool, and can detect cancer and for GI bleeding when ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disorders, adn intestinal polyps present

35
Q

What is a gFOBT?

A

Chemical test that detects the enzyme peroxidase in hemoglobin molecules when blood is present in the blood sample

36
Q

Positive gFOBT indicates?

A

Abnormal bleeding is occuring somewhere in teh digestive tract

37
Q

How does a FIT test work??

A

Uses antibodies directed against human hemoglobin to detect blood in the stool

38
Q

Positive FIt is more specific for bleeding in the

A

Lower GI tractr

39
Q

Promoting REgluar Bowel Habits: What should we focus on?

A

Timing, Positioning, Privacy, Nutrition, and Exercise

40
Q

Promoting Regular Bowel Habits: What exercises could be performed?

A

Abdominal setting and thigh strengthening

41
Q

Individuals at high risk for constipation?

A

Patients on bedrest taking constipation medicine
Patients with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet
Pateitns who are depressed

42
Q

Nursing Measurs for Patient with Diarrhea

A

Answer call bells immediately
Remove cause of diarrhea when possible
If impaction, obtain physician for rectal examination
Give special care around anus

43
Q

Food Safety

A

Never buy food with damaged packaging
Use separate cutting boards for foods
Do not wash meat, poultry, or eggs to prevent spreading microorganisms to sink and other kitchen surfaces

44
Q

When emptying colon, what position do you have to be in?

A

Side lying or Sims

45
Q

Options for emptying the colon of feces?

A

Enemas
Rectal Suppositories
Oral Intestinal Lavage
Digital Removal of Stool

46
Q

Type of Oral Intestinal Lavage?

A

GoLYTELY

47
Q

Considerations for Oral Intestinal Lavage?

A

Use Lubricated Tip. Do not insert too fast and make sure its at room temperature

48
Q

WHat is Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis?

A

Prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces that leads to a form of moisture-associated skin damage

49
Q

What is a Levine Tube?

A

A common single-lumen tube. It lacks a venting system and mucosal damage can occur when suction is applied continuously

50
Q

What is a Ileostomy?

A

Allows liquid fecal contant from teh ileum of the small intestine to be elimanted through the stoma

51
Q

What is Colonstomy?

A

Permits formed feces int he colon to exit through the stoma

52
Q

Types of Ostomies?

A 
Sigmoid Colostomy
Descending Colostomy
TRansverse Colostomy
Ascending Colostomy
Ileostomy
53
Q

How should an stoma look?

A

Dark pink to red to moist

54
Q

Colostomy Care: Odor

A

Keep the patient as free of odors as possible, empty the appliance frequently

55
Q

Colostomy Care: Inspect

A

Insepct the patients stoma frequently

56
Q

Colostomy Care:Measure

A

Measure the pateitns fluid intake and output

57
Q

Colostomy Care: Explain

A

Explain each aspect of care to the patient and self-care role

58
Q

Colostomy Care: Encourage

A

Encourage the patient to care for and look at ostomy

59
Q

Colostomy Care: How long will it take to have stool?

A

It will take a few days before stool comes

60
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Explain

A

Explain the reason for bowel diversion and the rationale for treatment

61
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Demonstrate

A

Demonstrate self-care behaviors that effectively manage the ostomy and positive body-image

62
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Describe

A

Describe follow up care and existing support resources

63
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Report

A

Report where supplies may be obtained in the community

64
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Verbalize

A

Verbalize related fears and concerns

65
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Fluids

A

2 Quarts Fluid Per Day

66
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Avoid High Fier for

A

6-8 weeks after surgery

67
Q

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Avoid

A

Laxatives, Enemas, and Enteric Meds

NRSG 100: Fundamentals (27 decks)

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