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nrsg 100: fundamentals > Exam 1 - Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones

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2
Q

What are the types of freely-moveable joints?

A 
Hinge
Ball-And-Socket
Pivot
Saddle
Gliding
Condyloid
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3
Q

Where do hinge joints occur

A

elbows, knees

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4
Q

Where do Ball-And-Sock joints occur?

A

shoulders, hipsp

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5
Q

Where do pivot joints occur?

A

Atlas-axis joint

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6
Q

Where do saddle joints occur?

A

Carpometacarpal

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7
Q

where do gliding joitns occur

A

wrist

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8
Q

where do condyloid joints occur

A

knuckles

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9
Q

Movement and example of fibrous joint

A

Immoveable and Sutures between bones of skull

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10
Q

Movement and example of cartilagnous joint (spine)

A

Slightly moveable and joints between bodies of vertebrae

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11
Q

movement and example of synovial joints

A

freely moveable and all the freely moveable joints

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12
Q

Abduction

A

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Adduction

A

Lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

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14
Q

Circumduction

A

Turning in a circular motion

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15
Q

Flexion

A

The state of being bent

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16
Q

Extension

A

The state of being in a straight line

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17
Q

Hyperextension

A

The state of exaggerated extension

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18
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Backward bending of the hand or foot

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19
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Flexion of the foot

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20
Q

Rotation

A

Turning on an axis

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21
Q

Internal Rotation

A

A body part turning on its axis toward the mid line of the body

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22
Q

External Rotation

A

A body part turniing on its axis away from the midline of the body

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23
Q

Pronation

A

The assumption of the prone posiiton

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24
Q

Supination

A

The assumption of the supine position ( A person lying on their back)

25
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

26
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot outward

27
Q

Opposition

A

Rotation of the thumb around its long access

28
Q

Three types of muscles in muscular system?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

29
Q

Labyrinthine Sense

A

The sensory organs in the inner ear provide this sense of position, orientation, and movemenet

30
Q

Proprioceptor/Kinesthetic Sense

A

This informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part

31
Q

Visual or Optic Reflexes

A

Visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment

32
Q

ERgonomics

A

The practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the workers and provides a mean for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries

33
Q

Patient Care Ergonomics

A

The practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care

34
Q

Orthopedics

A

Refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion

35
Q

Tonus

A

The term used to describe the state of slight contraction, the ussual state of skeletal muscles. Happens when on bed rest

36
Q

Contractures

A

These are permanent contractions of the muscle

37
Q

Factors Influencing Mobility

A 
Developmental Considerations
Physical Health
Mental Health
Lifestyle
Attitude and Values
Fatigue and Stress
External Factors
38
Q

Isotonic Exercise involves

A

muscle shortening and active movement (such as full range exercises)

39
Q

Isometric Exercise involves

A

muscle contraction without shorotening (holding a yoga pose)

40
Q

Isokinetic Exercise involves

A

muscle contractions with resistance (lifting weights)

41
Q

Effects of Immobility - Respiratory

A

A decrease in the depth and rate of respirations.

42
Q

what is atrophy??

A

decreased muscle size

43
Q

Physical Assessment for Mobility

A

General Ease of Movement and Gait
Alignment
Joint Structure and Function
Muscle Mass, Tone, And Strength

44
Q

What is Paresis?

A

Imparied msucle strength or weakness

45
Q

What is Hemiparesis?

A

Weakness of one half of the body

46
Q

Steps you should take when seeing a patient?

A

Assessing
Diagnosing
Implementing

47
Q

What degree is the head kept at in Fowlers position?

A

At around 45 to 60 degrees

48
Q

What does Fowlers position promote?

A

Cardiac and respiratory functioning

49
Q

High Fowlers elevated to

A

90 degrees

50
Q

Semi-Fowlers elevated to

A

30 degrees

51
Q

In Supine, what part of the body gets pillows

A

Head and Shoulders

52
Q

Supine Lying is also known as what?

A

Dorsal Recumbent

53
Q

Difference between Side-Lying and Sims Position

A

Side-Lying has the entire body on its side, while the protective Sims has the chest on the bed

54
Q

Graduated compression stockings are often used for

A

patients at risk for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to hellp prevent phlebitis

55
Q

In active exercise…

A

The patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion

56
Q

In active-assistance exercise…

A

the nurse may provide minimal support

57
Q

In Passive exercise…

A

the patient is unable to move independely and the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion

58
Q

How much exercise should adults have a week?

A

Two and a half hours

59
Q

How much exercise should children and adolescents get?

A

60 minutes or more a day

nrsg 100: fundamentals (27 decks)

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