Exam 1 - Chapter 33 Flashcards
What are the four types of bones?
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
What are the types of freely-moveable joints?
Hinge Ball-And-Socket Pivot Saddle Gliding Condyloid
Where do hinge joints occur
elbows, knees
Where do Ball-And-Sock joints occur?
shoulders, hipsp
Where do pivot joints occur?
Atlas-axis joint
Where do saddle joints occur?
Carpometacarpal
where do gliding joitns occur
wrist
where do condyloid joints occur
knuckles
Movement and example of fibrous joint
Immoveable and Sutures between bones of skull
Movement and example of cartilagnous joint (spine)
Slightly moveable and joints between bodies of vertebrae
movement and example of synovial joints
freely moveable and all the freely moveable joints
Abduction
Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
Circumduction
Turning in a circular motion
Flexion
The state of being bent
Extension
The state of being in a straight line
Hyperextension
The state of exaggerated extension
Dorsiflexion
Backward bending of the hand or foot
Plantar Flexion
Flexion of the foot
Rotation
Turning on an axis
Internal Rotation
A body part turning on its axis toward the mid line of the body
External Rotation
A body part turniing on its axis away from the midline of the body
Pronation
The assumption of the prone posiiton
Supination
The assumption of the supine position ( A person lying on their back)
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot outward
Opposition
Rotation of the thumb around its long access
Three types of muscles in muscular system?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Labyrinthine Sense
The sensory organs in the inner ear provide this sense of position, orientation, and movemenet
Proprioceptor/Kinesthetic Sense
This informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part
Visual or Optic Reflexes
Visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment
ERgonomics
The practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the workers and provides a mean for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injuries
Patient Care Ergonomics
The practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care
Orthopedics
Refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
Tonus
The term used to describe the state of slight contraction, the ussual state of skeletal muscles. Happens when on bed rest
Contractures
These are permanent contractions of the muscle
Factors Influencing Mobility
Developmental Considerations Physical Health Mental Health Lifestyle Attitude and Values Fatigue and Stress External Factors
Isotonic Exercise involves
muscle shortening and active movement (such as full range exercises)
Isometric Exercise involves
muscle contraction without shorotening (holding a yoga pose)
Isokinetic Exercise involves
muscle contractions with resistance (lifting weights)
Effects of Immobility - Respiratory
A decrease in the depth and rate of respirations.
what is atrophy??
decreased muscle size
Physical Assessment for Mobility
General Ease of Movement and Gait
Alignment
Joint Structure and Function
Muscle Mass, Tone, And Strength
What is Paresis?
Imparied msucle strength or weakness
What is Hemiparesis?
Weakness of one half of the body
Steps you should take when seeing a patient?
Assessing
Diagnosing
Implementing
What degree is the head kept at in Fowlers position?
At around 45 to 60 degrees
What does Fowlers position promote?
Cardiac and respiratory functioning
High Fowlers elevated to
90 degrees
Semi-Fowlers elevated to
30 degrees
In Supine, what part of the body gets pillows
Head and Shoulders
Supine Lying is also known as what?
Dorsal Recumbent
Difference between Side-Lying and Sims Position
Side-Lying has the entire body on its side, while the protective Sims has the chest on the bed
Graduated compression stockings are often used for
patients at risk for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to hellp prevent phlebitis
In active exercise…
The patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion
In active-assistance exercise…
the nurse may provide minimal support
In Passive exercise…
the patient is unable to move independely and the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion
How much exercise should adults have a week?
Two and a half hours
How much exercise should children and adolescents get?
60 minutes or more a day
