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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 4; Asthma > Flashcards

Exam 4; Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cycle that results from prolonged irritation of the normal airway pathway

A

the immune system becomes involved realizing immune mediators from cells resulting in bronchoconstriction and edema, those cells migrate to the lungs because of this result in airway inflammation which then results in immune mediators, and vice versa

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2
Q

Wha are the two non-pharmacologic treatments of asthma

A

education

change in environment

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3
Q

These are the initial drugs of choice for short term relief of asthmatic symptoms

A

bronchodilators

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4
Q

What is the mechanism behind β2 receptor agonist bronchodilators

A

increases cAMP and decreases inflammatory response

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5
Q

This β2 receptor agonist is non specific and activated all adrenergic receptors

A

epinephrine

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6
Q

What is the result of epinephrine on β1 and ɑ1

A 
β1 = increase in HR
ɑ1 = vasoconstriction
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7
Q

This β2 receptor agonist is more selective for β2

A

isoproterenol

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8
Q

What is the half life of selective β2 agonists

A

6 hours

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9
Q

What is different about the method of absorption regarding the selective β2 agonists and the more non-selective β2 agonists

A

the selective β2 agonists can be inhaled, especially good since you want it affecting the lungs

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10
Q

Any agent that acts by activating a receptor can cause what

A

down regulation of receptors and loss of effect

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11
Q

What are the 5 relatively selective β2 agonists

A 
albuterol
pubuterol
bitolerol
levabuterol
terbutaline
"buterol's" essentially
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12
Q

What are the four longer lasting β2 agonists (not effective for rapid release)

A 
formoterol
arformoterol
salmeterol
indicaterol
"terol's"
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13
Q

What are the three major side effects of the β agonists

A

tremors
techycardia
palpations of the heart due ti β1 effects

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14
Q

What class of drugs is mainly used for treating COPD

A

cholinergic blockres; atropine analogs

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15
Q

What are the two drugs to treat COPD

A

Ipratropium

tiotropium

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16
Q

What condition should you watch for when treating someone with COPD

A

patients with urinary retention

17
Q

What is a symptom of the cholinergic blockers

A

dry mouth

18
Q

What is the mechanism behind theophylline

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibiting cAMP PDE which elevated cellular cAMP

19
Q

What is theophylline used for

A

chronic asthma; it is a methylxanthine

20
Q

What are the three main symptoms of theophylline

A

cardiac stimulation; arrthymias
CNS stimulation; tremors, insomnia, seizures
GI upset

21
Q

True or False

The anti-inflammatory agents are NOT bronchodilators

A

True

22
Q

What are the two mast cell inhibitors

A

cromolyn sodium

nedocromil

23
Q

What is the mechanism behind cromolyn sodium and nedocromil

A

they inhibit the treats of mediators from immune cells by inhibiting Cl channels and decreasing Ca uptake

24
Q

What class of drugs are the drug of choice for asthma prophylaxis, most given by inhalation

A

glucocorticoids

25
Q

What are the seven glucocorticoids

A 
beclomethasone
budesonide
fluticasone
mometasone
ciclesonide
prednisone
dexamethasone
"-son or -sone"
26
Q

What is the mechanism behind the glucocorticoids

A

binds to intracellular receptors which alter DNA transcription

27
Q

glucocorticoids increase this, which inhibits the synthesis of phospholipase 2

A

lipocortin

28
Q

What are the side effects of glucocorticoids

A

since they are inhibitors of the immune response;
infections
dysphonia (trouble speaking)
systemic effects

29
Q

This drug blocks the IgE receptors; blocking stimulation

A

omalizumab

30
Q

This drug is a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

A

zileuton

31
Q

What is the mechanism behind zileuton

A

enzyme inhibitor

inhibits the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase which is necessary for the synthesis of leukotrienes

32
Q

What are the two leukotriene receptor blockers

A

zarfirlukast

montelukast

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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