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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 2; CNS Stimulants and Marijuana > Flashcards

Exam 2; CNS Stimulants and Marijuana Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three compounds in coffee, tea, and/or cocoa

A

caffeine
theophylline (tea)
theobromine (cocoa)

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2
Q

What is the average intake of methylxanthanes in the US

A

200mg/person/day

roughly 3 cups of coffee

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3
Q

What are the four CNS stimulant symptoms of methylxanthanes

A

increased mood
decreased fatigue
higher work capacity
increased respiration

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4
Q

What is the effect that methylxanthanes hav on the cardiovascular system

A

increased heart rate

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5
Q

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on smooth muscles

A

relaxation; especially bronchial smooth muscle

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6
Q

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the kidneys

A

weak diuretic

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7
Q

What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the striated muscle

A

increased contraction strength

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8
Q

What is the mechanism behind methylxanthanes

A

increases cAMP by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases

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9
Q

What are the toxic effects of methylxanthanes on the CNS

A

nervousness
insomnia
hand tremors
at very high doses = seizures

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10
Q

What toxic effect can methylxanthanes have on the heart

A

cardiac arrthymias

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11
Q

What is the therapeutic index of methylxanthanes

A

relatively safe ～ 100

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12
Q

What are the effects of tolerance/chronic poisoning of methylxanthanes

A

insomnia
tachycardia
GI upset

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13
Q

What are the three effects of absentation//withdrawal of methylxanthanes

A

headache
lethargy
irritability

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14
Q

What is the half life of cocaine

A

1 hour; very short

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15
Q

Is cocaine an acid or base?

A

weak base;

the basic component is more readily absorbed

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16
Q

What are the four symptoms cocaine has on the CNS

A

increased mood
increased energy
decreased appetite
decreased need for sleep

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17
Q

What is the mechanism behind cocaine in the CNS

A

prevents the re-uptake of NE, SHT, and DA in the CNS

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18
Q

What two bodily effects does cocaine have

A

increases blood pressure; vasoconstriction (never give with epinephrine)
increases body temperature

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19
Q

Where is cocaine used as a clinical anesthetic

A

local anesthesia in the eye

20
Q

What are six toxic symptoms of cocaine in the CNS

A 
anxiety
paranoia
insomnia
general nervousness
psychoses; hallucinations and seizures
21
Q

cocaine can cause vasoconstriction of local tissues which can lead to what

A

tissue anoxia and death

22
Q

People who use cocaine on a regular basis have this symptom

A

urticarial; itching

23
Q

Tolerance of cocaine develops to what effect

A

euphoric effect

24
Q

cocaine leads to a decrease in CNS neurotransmitters which leads to what

A

prevents the re-uptake; leading to exhaustion

25
Q

cocaine can cause this to occur involving the cardiovascular system which is seen in ODs

A

cardiac arrhthymias

26
Q

cocaine can cause a decreased blood flow to where

A

the uterus; leading to a decreased birth weight

27
Q

What is the mechanism behind amphetamines

A

increased release of DA and NE in the CNS

indirect acting amine, causing the release of nuerotransmitters

28
Q

What is the half life of amphetamines

A

10 hours or so; relatively slow onset

29
Q

What is one of the main symptoms of amphetamines

A

“meth mouth”

bruxism

30
Q

What are two clinical uses of amphetamines

A

narcolepsy

ADD: ritalin

31
Q

What are four other CNS stimulants

A

modafinil
armodafinil
dexmethyphenidate
methylphenite

32
Q

What is the main component of Cannabinoids

A

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

33
Q

What is the mechanism behind THC

A

binds to the cannabinoid receptor; endogenous THC = anandamide

34
Q

What are some symptoms of Cannabinoids

A 
euphoria
non-CNS depressant
anti-emetic effects
decreases intra-ocular pressure
anti-convulsant
stimulates appetite
some analgesic or anti-nocicpetivve
35
Q

What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the smooth muscle

A

bronchodilation

dilates conjunctival blood vessels = red eye

36
Q

What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the mouth

A

anticholinergic effects; dry mouth

37
Q

What is the therapeutic index of Cannabinoids

A

around 1000; relatively impossible to kill yourself solely by using this drug

38
Q

How does Cannabinoids effect the lungs

A

chronic smokers will have the same lung problems as tobacco smokers

39
Q

True or False

THC cannot pass the placenta

A

False; it can

40
Q

What are two clinical uses of THC

A

anti-emetic

appetite stimulant effect

41
Q

What are two Cannabinoid based drugs

A

dronabinol

nabilone; nausea treatment

42
Q

This is a high addictive, cheap, legal, and high available drug that is portable and doesn’t impair facilities

A

nicotine

43
Q

What is the mechanism behind nicotine

A

presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptor

increase slight DA release

44
Q

What are the two complex CNS side effects of nicotine

A

mild sedative

decreases appetite

45
Q

How much nicotine is in the average cigarette

A

15mg; goes instantly to the CNS

46
Q

What are four major symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine

A

depression
anxiety
suicidal
aggressive

47
Q

This is a partial nicotinic agonist that binds ad activates the nicotinic receptor, blocking further stimulation

A

varenicline

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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