Exam 2; CNS Stimulants and Marijuana Flashcards
What are the three compounds in coffee, tea, and/or cocoa
caffeine
theophylline (tea)
theobromine (cocoa)
What is the average intake of methylxanthanes in the US
200mg/person/day
roughly 3 cups of coffee
What are the four CNS stimulant symptoms of methylxanthanes
increased mood
decreased fatigue
higher work capacity
increased respiration
What is the effect that methylxanthanes hav on the cardiovascular system
increased heart rate
What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on smooth muscles
relaxation; especially bronchial smooth muscle
What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the kidneys
weak diuretic
What is the effect that methylxanthanes have on the striated muscle
increased contraction strength
What is the mechanism behind methylxanthanes
increases cAMP by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases
What are the toxic effects of methylxanthanes on the CNS
nervousness
insomnia
hand tremors
at very high doses = seizures
What toxic effect can methylxanthanes have on the heart
cardiac arrthymias
What is the therapeutic index of methylxanthanes
relatively safe ～ 100
What are the effects of tolerance/chronic poisoning of methylxanthanes
insomnia
tachycardia
GI upset
What are the three effects of absentation//withdrawal of methylxanthanes
headache
lethargy
irritability
What is the half life of cocaine
1 hour; very short
Is cocaine an acid or base?
weak base;
the basic component is more readily absorbed
What are the four symptoms cocaine has on the CNS
increased mood
increased energy
decreased appetite
decreased need for sleep
What is the mechanism behind cocaine in the CNS
prevents the re-uptake of NE, SHT, and DA in the CNS
What two bodily effects does cocaine have
increases blood pressure; vasoconstriction (never give with epinephrine)
increases body temperature
Where is cocaine used as a clinical anesthetic
local anesthesia in the eye
What are six toxic symptoms of cocaine in the CNS
anxiety paranoia insomnia general nervousness psychoses; hallucinations and seizures
cocaine can cause vasoconstriction of local tissues which can lead to what
tissue anoxia and death
People who use cocaine on a regular basis have this symptom
urticarial; itching
Tolerance of cocaine develops to what effect
euphoric effect
cocaine leads to a decrease in CNS neurotransmitters which leads to what
prevents the re-uptake; leading to exhaustion
cocaine can cause this to occur involving the cardiovascular system which is seen in ODs
cardiac arrhthymias
cocaine can cause a decreased blood flow to where
the uterus; leading to a decreased birth weight
What is the mechanism behind amphetamines
increased release of DA and NE in the CNS
indirect acting amine, causing the release of nuerotransmitters
What is the half life of amphetamines
10 hours or so; relatively slow onset
What is one of the main symptoms of amphetamines
“meth mouth”
bruxism
What are two clinical uses of amphetamines
narcolepsy
ADD: ritalin
What are four other CNS stimulants
modafinil
armodafinil
dexmethyphenidate
methylphenite
What is the main component of Cannabinoids
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
What is the mechanism behind THC
binds to the cannabinoid receptor; endogenous THC = anandamide
What are some symptoms of Cannabinoids
euphoria non-CNS depressant anti-emetic effects decreases intra-ocular pressure anti-convulsant stimulates appetite some analgesic or anti-nocicpetivve
What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the smooth muscle
bronchodilation
dilates conjunctival blood vessels = red eye
What is the effect of Cannabinoids on the mouth
anticholinergic effects; dry mouth
What is the therapeutic index of Cannabinoids
around 1000; relatively impossible to kill yourself solely by using this drug
How does Cannabinoids effect the lungs
chronic smokers will have the same lung problems as tobacco smokers
True or False
THC cannot pass the placenta
False; it can
What are two clinical uses of THC
anti-emetic
appetite stimulant effect
What are two Cannabinoid based drugs
dronabinol
nabilone; nausea treatment
This is a high addictive, cheap, legal, and high available drug that is portable and doesn’t impair facilities
nicotine
What is the mechanism behind nicotine
presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptor
increase slight DA release
What are the two complex CNS side effects of nicotine
mild sedative
decreases appetite
How much nicotine is in the average cigarette
15mg; goes instantly to the CNS
What are four major symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine
depression
anxiety
suicidal
aggressive
This is a partial nicotinic agonist that binds ad activates the nicotinic receptor, blocking further stimulation
varenicline
