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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 2; Parkinson's > Flashcards

Exam 2; Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Parkinsons

A

dopamine deficiency in the CNS

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2
Q

What are five major symptoms of Parkinson’s

A 
tremor in the hand and facial muscles
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia
akinesia
loss of cognitive function
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3
Q

What will result in the death of someone with Parkinson’s

A

lack of swallowing; aspiration pneumonia

pulmonary embolism due to loss of movement

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4
Q

DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) is converted to DA is via what enzyme

A

DOPA decarboxylase

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5
Q

The enzyme that converts DA to NE is what

A

dopamine hydroxylase

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6
Q

What are DOPA and DA metabolized by

A

MAO

COMT

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7
Q

These are selective inhibitors of MAO; found only in the CNS; slowing the progression of the symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

selegiline

rasagiline

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8
Q

What is selegiline metabolized to in the body

A

methamphetamine

rasagiline is not metabolized to this

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9
Q

This is a pro-drug precursor to dopamine that is used because dopamine itself cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter the CNS

A

L-DOPA (levoDOPA)

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10
Q

Why is DOPA not just given as a drug to treat Parkinson’s

A

DOPA is metabolized in the gut by DOPA decarboxylase to DA, therefore DOPA is not getting into the CNS

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11
Q

DOPA is given along with what other thing and why

A

DOPA decarboxylase
this allows the DOPA to survive long enough to get into the CNS, allowing DOPA to be converted to dopamine and inducing the effect

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12
Q

DOPA plus DOPA decarboxylase is known as what drug

A

carbi-DOPA

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13
Q

What are the six side effects of carbi-DOPA

A 
nausea
postural hypotension
hallucinations
confusion
dyskinesias (uncontrolled movements)
worsens closed angle glaucoma
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14
Q

For how long is carbi-DOPA effective for

A

5 years; due to the loss of endogenous DA

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15
Q

What will the sudden discontinuation of L-DOPA plus carbidopa result in

A

neuroeptic malignant syndrome

muscle rigidity and high fever

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16
Q

What are two COMT inhibitors

A

tolcapone

entacapone

17
Q

True or False

COMT inhibitors are more significant than MAO

A

False; they are not, they do enhance the duration of action of DA

18
Q

What are COMT inhibitors used with

A

L-DOPA

19
Q

These act directly on the DA receptors, but are not as effective as L-DOPA

A

dopamine agonisits

20
Q

This stimulated dopamine-2 receptors

A

bromocryptine

21
Q

What are three side effects of bromocryptine

A

nausea
hallucinations
hypotension

22
Q

These two drugs are DA agonsits that have been used to treat RLS

A

pramipexole

ropinirole

23
Q

This is a DA agonist in patch form

A

rotgotine

24
Q

This DA agonist is given by injection and causes severe nausea

A

apomorphine

25
Q

What are the four symptoms of DA agonists

A

nausea
hypotension
confusion
sudden sleep syndrome

26
Q

DA agonists can have this symptom similar to someone with bi-polar disorder

A

lack of impulse control; may uncharacteristically go out and buy stuff, compulsive gambling, hypersexuality

27
Q

These decrease the imbalance between DA and ACh that occurs during Parkinson’s

A

anticholinergics

Parkinson’s = deficiency in dopamine = activated cholinergic receptors

28
Q

What are the three anticholinergics used to treat Parkinson’s

A

trihexyphenidyl
benztropine
amantadine

29
Q

This anticholinergic is a muscarinic blocker

A

benzotropine

30
Q

What are four symptoms of benzotropine

A 
anti-muscarinic effects; (mad as a hatter, etc.)
dry mouth
urinary retention
blurred vision
memory loss and hallucinations
31
Q

This anticholinergic is also used as an anti-viral; it increases the release of stored dopamine from nerve endings

A

amantadine

32
Q

What are two side effects of amantadine

A

insomnia

restlessness

33
Q

What are three alternate treatments for Parkinson’s

A

surgery
deep brain stimulation
tissue/stem cell transplantation

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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