Exam 1; Administration and Absorption Flashcards
What are four advantages of oral administration
convenient
acceptable
safe
economical
What are four disadvantages of oral administration
unpredictable absorption time
slow onset of action
GI upset and irritation
requires consciousness
What are the three routes of parental administration
subcutaneous (slowest) intramuscular intravenous (fastest) - also intraventricular and intrathecal
What are three advantages of parental administration
rapid
doesn’t require consciousness or cooperation
very predictable dosing
What are four disadvantages of parenteral administration
more painful
most costly
danger of infection
essentially irreversible
What are six methods of absorption through the skin and mucous membranes
inhalation cutaneous rectal (vaginal) intra-nasal intra-oral sublingual
What are the four mechanisms of drug entry into cells
passive diffusion**
facilitated diffusion - carrier
active transport
pinocytosis
Which sized molecules get through the membrane more readily
small
Which type of soluble drugs are more readily absorbed
lipid soluble
Which type of molecule does not readily diffuse through the membrane
ionized molecules
What is used to predict ionization
the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
As H+ increases, the equation shifts where
to the left; more non-ionized form
As H+ decreases, the equation shifts where
to the right; more ionized form
The non-ionized form is more soluble in what
lipid (more acidic)
The ionized form is more soluble in what
an aqueous environment
