Exam 1; Administration and Absorption

Question 1

What are four advantages of oral administration

Answer 1

convenient
acceptable
safe
economical

Question 2

What are four disadvantages of oral administration

Answer 2

unpredictable absorption time
slow onset of action
GI upset and irritation
requires consciousness

Question 3

What are the three routes of parental administration

Answer 3

subcutaneous (slowest)
intramuscular
intravenous (fastest)
- also intraventricular and intrathecal

Question 4

What are three advantages of parental administration

Answer 4

rapid
doesn’t require consciousness or cooperation
very predictable dosing

Question 5

What are four disadvantages of parenteral administration

Answer 5

more painful
most costly
danger of infection
essentially irreversible

Question 6

What are six methods of absorption through the skin and mucous membranes

Answer 6

inhalation
cutaneous
rectal (vaginal)
intra-nasal
intra-oral
sublingual

Question 7

What are the four mechanisms of drug entry into cells

Answer 7

passive diffusion**
facilitated diffusion - carrier
active transport
pinocytosis

Question 8

Which sized molecules get through the membrane more readily

Answer 8

small

Question 9

Which type of soluble drugs are more readily absorbed

Answer 9

lipid soluble

Question 10

Which type of molecule does not readily diffuse through the membrane

Answer 10

ionized molecules

Question 11

What is used to predict ionization

Answer 11

the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 12

As H+ increases, the equation shifts where

Answer 12

to the left; more non-ionized form

Question 13

As H+ decreases, the equation shifts where

Answer 13

to the right; more ionized form

Question 14

The non-ionized form is more soluble in what

Answer 14

lipid (more acidic)

Question 15

The ionized form is more soluble in what

Answer 15

an aqueous environment

Question 16

In formulation, anything other than the drug itself is what

Answer 16

an adjuvant

Question 17

What is a site of non-specific drug binding

Answer 17

proteins in plasma; albumin

Question 18

True or False

Binding is irreversible

Answer 18

False; it is reversible

Question 19

How can non-specific binding effect the drug

Answer 19

effect the ability to get to the target
effect metabolism or execration
may be displaced by other drugs

Question 20

This specific tissue barrier excludes lipid soluble and ionizing drugs

Answer 20

blood-brain

Question 21

This specific tissue berried excludes molecules greater than 1000mw

Answer 21

placental