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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 2; Narcotic Analgesics (Opiates) > Flashcards

Exam 2; Narcotic Analgesics (Opiates) Flashcards

1
Q

These are the very best analgesics which were drastically changed with the invention of the hypodermic syringe

A

opiates

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2
Q

What is the analgesic effect of opioids on the CNS

A

decrease the perception of pain and the response to the pain

some sedation

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3
Q

How do opioids affect mood

A

they elevate mood; even induce euphoria

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4
Q

opioids have a direct effect on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the CNS causing what

A

nausea

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5
Q

opioids have an effect on the brain respiration center which can lead to what

A

decreased respiration; typically dying of an OD is in conjunction with ethanol and they “just forget to breathe”

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6
Q

opioids stimulate the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve cause what

A

pupil constriction; “pin-point-pupils”

hyperthermia

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7
Q

What is the effects of opioids on the GI system

A

they cause random contraction leading to constipation

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8
Q

What are three effects of opioids

A

vasodilation
orthostatic hypotension
increased CSF pressure
increased release of histamine; bronchconstriction and itching

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9
Q

All of the opioids can pass what

A

the placenta

baby will be born with high levels and will go through withdrawal

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10
Q

opioids act on what

A

specific opioid receptors

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11
Q

opioids look a lot like what three things

A

endogenous opiate-like peptides
enkephalines
endorphins
dynorphins

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12
Q

What is the most significant opioid receptor

A

μ; mu

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13
Q

What are five symptoms of opioids on the μ receptor

A 
pain
euphoria
cough
respiration depression
gut motility
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14
Q

The activation of opioid receptors leads to a decrease in this

A

cAMP

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15
Q

This is related both to the pleasure of the addictive experience and the dear of the consequence of withdrawal

A

addiction

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16
Q

This is when you need more of something to satisfy your need; continuously increase the dose to get the desired effect

A

tolerance

17
Q

This is the adaptation to the presence of the drug therefore the effects of stopping the drug are the opposite of the drug itself

A

withdrawal

18
Q

What are four symptoms of opioid withdrawal

A

skin; severe vasoconstriction “cold turkey”

GI; extremely active, cramping, diarrhea, nausea

19
Q

What are the two treatment for opioid withdrawal

A

“cold turkey” no treatment

ultra-rapid withdrawal; ovoid blocker under general anesthesia

20
Q

This is a natural analog opiate agonist usually given parentally because it undergoes first pass metabolism

A

morphine

21
Q

This is a natural analog opiate partial agonist with low anti-nociceptive effects; great anti-tussive effect

A

codeine

22
Q

This is a semisynthetic opiate agonist which is 5x more potent than morphine

A

heroin

23
Q

This is a semisynthetic opiate agonist which is 10x more potent than morphine

A

hydromorphone

24
Q

This is a semisynthetic opiate agonist that is 0.5% less potent than morphine and is available in oral form

A

oxycodone

25
Q

This is a synthetic opiate agonist that is 80-100x more potent that morphine

A

fentanyl

26
Q

What are five synthetic opiate agonists

A 
sufentanil (500-600x more potent than morphine)
alfentanil
remifentanil
oxymorphone
levorphanol
27
Q

This synthetic opiate agonist is 0.5 less potent than morphine but there is no pupil constriction

A

meperidine

28
Q

This synthetic opiate agonist is orally effective due to giving in it a liquid form that is harder to abuse

A

methadone

29
Q

These are three opiate receptor blockers used in emergencies

A

naloxene
naltrexone
methyltrexone

30
Q

These are two agents that work as a combination of opiate activity and SSRIs

A

tramadol

tapentadol

31
Q

When should opiates be used

A

in the control of PAIN in cancer, burn patines, trauma, allowing them to lead normal lives
addiction is rare in patients that need the pain control to function

32
Q

Opiates analogs without CNS effects can be used to treat what

A

diarrhea and cough

33
Q

What are the four things that opiates should never be used for

A

undiagnosed pain
head injury; increase intracranial pressure
convulsive disorder; may increase seizures
respiratory difficulties

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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