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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 3; Anemais and Hematinic Agents > Flashcards

Exam 3; Anemais and Hematinic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Anemia is the most common blood disorder

A

True

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2
Q

A stem cells need erythropoietin to become what

A

proerythroblast

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3
Q

A pro erythroblast needs Fe into the hemoglobin to become what

A

reticulocyte

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4
Q

The reticulocyte looses its cell nucleus

A

erythrocyte

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5
Q

This speeds up RBC synthesis

A

erythropoietin

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6
Q

This is also know as microcytic anemia

A

nutritional anemias

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7
Q

What is the cause of microcytic anemais

A

relative lack of iron; RBCs are small and contain less hemoglobin (pale in color)

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8
Q

True or False

there is no mechanism for eliminating iron from the body

A

True

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9
Q

Ingested iron is solubilized by what

A

HCl

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10
Q

What is iron absorbed as

A

Fe++ (ferrous)

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11
Q

Iron is carried as what throughout the body

A

Fe3+

ferric iron

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12
Q

What transforms ferrous into ferric iron

A

transferrin

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13
Q

Does transferring increase or decrease during times of anemia

A

increase

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14
Q

If there in an excess of iron, it is bound to and stored as what, primarily in the liver

A

ferritin

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15
Q

What are two probably causes of iron deficiency

A

decreased iron uptake; not enough iron in the diet

decreased absorption; GI dysfunction

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16
Q

What three conditions have an increased iron requirement

A

pregnancy
during period of rapid growth
patients with renal disease

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17
Q

When can you excessively lose iron

A

chronic blood loss

heavy menstruation

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18
Q

What is the drug of choice for microcytic anemia

A

iron; FeSO4; ferrous sulfate

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19
Q

What are the two methods to administer iron

A

orally

parenterlly; if there is an issue with oral or severe deficiency

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20
Q

What is a side effect of taking iron orally

A

GI upset; slow release will help

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21
Q

What is a side effect of parenteral iron dosage

A 
iron dextran (IM)
given subdural could leave a stain
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22
Q

What is a extreme toxicity of oral iron

A

lethal dose is only around 10 tablets (or 3 grams)

sometimes the pills look like candies

23
Q

What are some symptoms of acute iron toxicity

A 
nausea
severe abdominal pain
mucosal damage
drowsiness
cardiovascular collapse
convulsions
24
Q

What is the treatment for iron toxicity

A

achelate agent; deferoxamine

25
Q

If there is chronically too much iron stored, what is the treatment

A

phlebotomy; bleeding

26
Q

What are the characteristics of microcytic anemias

A

large RBC precursors
multinucleate nuclei due ti inhibition of DNA synthesis
get bigger without dividing

27
Q

This is necessary for DNA replication; if you are deficient, you don’t make enough thiamine

A

folic acid

28
Q

A folic acid deficiency can also leads to this deficiency

A

methionine

29
Q

What is a symptom of folic acid deficiency

A

macrycytic RBC precursor

30
Q

This most likely is not the case of the cause of a folic acid deficiency

A 
dietary intake (unless alcoholics)
folic acid is found primarily in green vegetables
31
Q

What is the absorption rate of folic acid

A

rapid; GI dysfunction could stall it

32
Q

What are three systemic requirements of folic acid

A

infection

pregnancy

33
Q

Folic acid deficiency in pregnancy can lead to what

A

neural tube defects; flour companies add it now

34
Q

What is the treatment for a folic acid deficiency

A

oral therapy is sufficient; parental if there is abnormal absorption
no contraindications or toxicities

35
Q

This is essential for DNA synthesis and methionine

A

B12

36
Q

What type of anemia can result from a B12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia

37
Q

B12 can cause a lack of methionine synthesis which can lead to what

A

decreased myelin synthesis = neuronal damage

38
Q

What are symptoms of the neuronal damage brought upon by B12 deficiency

A

weakness
ataxia
spasticity
irreversible spinal cord damage

39
Q

True or False

One of the main causes of B12 deficiency is insufficient intake

A

False; thats very rare

40
Q

What is the main cause of B12 deficiency

A

decreased absorption

41
Q

Parietal cells in the stomach make this

A

intrinsic factor (GIF)

42
Q

B12 requires this for absorption

A

GIF

43
Q

If a patient lacks that ability to make GIF, what occurs

A

b12 deficiency, then leads to pernicious anemia, which is fatal if not treated

44
Q

If the b12 deficiency is not due to a lack of GIF, which type of administration is okay

A

oral

45
Q

If there is pernicious anemia, B12 must be given how

A

by injection

46
Q

What is shot gun therapy

A

loading them up with iron, folic acid, B12, etc.

47
Q

What are three drugs used to treat anemias caused by chronic renal failure or chemotherapy

A

epoietin alfa
darbepoietin
peginesatide

48
Q

What are three toxicities of epoietin alfa, darbepoietin, peginesatide

A

increased BP
increased clotting
MI
stroke

49
Q

Hemolytic anemias are the result of what

A

abnormal lysis of RBCs; genetic or acquired

50
Q

This treatment may be useful for treating hemolytic anemias

A

erythropoietin

51
Q

This drug is used to treat sickle cell anemia

A

hyroxyurea

52
Q

What is the mechanism of hyroxyurea

A

increases the formation of fetal hemoglobin which doesn’t sickle

53
Q

What are two side effects of hyroxyurea

A

mutagenic

preg. category X

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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