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AU14 Pharmacology > Exam 1; Introduction of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Exam 1; Introduction of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How many unique drugs were introduced last year

A

19

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2
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

the mechanism by which drugs act on the body

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3
Q

All drugs must have what

A

a target

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4
Q

What general substances can be drug targets

A

specific biochemical or physiological chemicals

can be specific or non-specific

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5
Q

What five things in a cell can be a drug target

A 
membrane receptor
intracellular receptor
transporter
ion channel
enzymatic pathways
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6
Q

Antacids are agents that work by what

A

general chemical effects

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7
Q

Laxatives and Diuretics are agents that work by what

A

osmotic effects

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8
Q

Agents that act by binding non-specifically to large molecules include what two things

A

protein denaturants - ethanol

anticancer drugs bind nonspecifically to DNA

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9
Q

Agents that bind specifically to large molecules includes what

A

monocolonal antibodies; such as infliximab (-mab ending)

binds to TNF use to treat arthritis

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10
Q

This agent inhibits the specific enzyme cyclooxygenase (anti-inflammatory)

A

asprin

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11
Q

This agent inhibits the specific enzyme dihydrofolate (anti-neoplastic)

A

methothrexate

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12
Q

This agent inhibits the specific enzyme monoamine oxidase (anti-depressant)

A

tranylcypromine

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13
Q

This agent activates the specific enzyme guanylate cyclase (treatment of angina; vasodilation)

A

nitroglycerin

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14
Q

This agent activates the specific enzyme anti-thrombin 3 (anti-coagulate)

A

heparin

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15
Q

This agent binds to and inactivates a protein kinase (leukemia treatment)

A

imitinib

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16
Q

This agent acts upon a transport system by inhibiting norepinephrine uptake by the neuron

A

cocaine

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17
Q

This agent acts upon a transport system by diuretic blocking (inhibiting) transport on Na and Cl by kidney tubule

A

chlorothiazide

18
Q

This agent acts upon a transport system by inhibiting serotonin re-uptake by neurons (antidepressant)

A

fluoxetine

19
Q

This agent acts upon a transport system by inhibiting hydrogen ion transport by parietal cells; decreases stomach acid

A

omeprazole

20
Q

This agent acts upon an ion channel by blocking calcium channels; anti-hypertensive

A

nifedipine

21
Q

This agent acts upon an ion channel by increasing K uptake; anti-hypertensive

A

minoxidil

22
Q

This agent acts upon an ion channel by inhibiting Na channels; local anesthetic

A

procaine

23
Q

This agent acts upon a cell membrane receptor by blocking β-adrenergic receptors; anti-hypertensive

A

propranolol

24
Q

These agents act upon a intracellular receptors

A

steroids - glucocorticoids - cortisol

25
Q

This is a protein or protein complex which is a detector of cell signals

A

receptor

26
Q

What are the three main characters of a receptor

A

sensitivity
selectivity
specificity

27
Q

Receptor activators are what

A

agonists

28
Q

Receptor blockers are what

A

antagonists

29
Q

What do partial agonists do?

A

bind to receptor but doesn’t fully activate it

30
Q

What three changes occur when a receptor is bound by an agonist

A

enzyme activation
activation of transport system
opening of an ion channel

31
Q

Intracellular receptors alter what

A

DNA expression (steroids)

32
Q

True or False

The number and sensitivity of receptors cannot change over time

A

False; it can change over time

33
Q

What mechanism can cause receptor sensitivity to change over time

A

continual stimulation –> down regulation of receptors

drug tolerance, desensitization

34
Q

This is very rapid desensitization (can occur within minutes); nose drops

A

tachyphylaxis

35
Q

What is the dose-response curve

A

the biological effect of response of different doses; sigmoidal dose-response curve

36
Q

What three things does the dose-response curve show

A

dose at which the effect first occurs
dose that causes maximal effect
dose and which 50% of max effect occurs

37
Q

The maximal therapeutic effect of a drug is also called what

A

efficacy

38
Q

The more efficacious a drug is, the more what

A

the more useful it is

39
Q

The effect of the drug relative to the dose is called what

A

potentacy

40
Q

What is ED50

A

the dose at which 50% of max efficacy; clinical dose

41
Q

What is the TD50

A

the dose at which 50% of max toxic dose

42
Q

What is the therapeutic index of a drug

A

TD50/ED50

AU14 Pharmacology (29 decks)

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