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Histo (VM1 Fall) > Exam 3 - Lecture 35 (Org. of Urinary Sys. II) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Lecture 35 (Org. of Urinary Sys. II) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell type transition from the renal corpuscle to the PCT?

A

Simple squamous –> cuboidal epithelium

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2
Q

What are 3 atypical features that are present in the cells of the PT?

A
  1. Long microvilli
  2. Lots of mitochondria
  3. Apical canaliculi
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3
Q

What is the function of long microvilli in the PT?

A

Increase SA

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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in the PT?

A

Make energy in the form of ATP

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5
Q

What is the function of apical canaliculi in the PT?

A

Reabsorption at the luminal membrane

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6
Q

Where is the nucleus positioned in the cells of the PT?

A

Central or close to the basal membrane

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7
Q

Besides long microvilli, mitochondria, and apical canaliculi, what else can we find in the cells of the PT?

A

lysosomes

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8
Q

Long microvilli of the PT make up the _____.

A

Brush border

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9
Q

Where is the apical canaliculi positioned in the cells of the PT?

A

At the cell’s apical surface just deep to the microvilli

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about the cells of the proximal tubule is most accurate?

A) They are simple squamous
B) They have an extensive brush border
C) They lack mitochondria
D) Nuclei are located apically
E) They are inefficient at absorption
A

B) They have an extensive brush border

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11
Q

In what part of the kidney is the PT located?

A

cortex

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12
Q

Where is the Loop of Henle located in the kidney?

A

medulla

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13
Q

What is the cell transition from the PT to the LoH?

A

cuboidal –> squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Why is the epithelium of the LoH so thin?

A

Because of passive transport occurring there

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15
Q

What are the differences in permeability between the descending and ascending limbs of the LoH?

A 
Descending = permeable to H2O but not to NaCl
Ascending = permeable to NaCl but not H2O
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16
Q

What is the characteristic/shape of the nucleus in the LoH?

A

It bulges

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17
Q

Where in the kidney is the DT located?

A

Small amount in medulla, mostly in the cortex

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18
Q

What is the cell type of the DT?

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

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19
Q

What is the positioning of the nuclei in the DT?

A

Apically located

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20
Q

How many microvilli does the DT have compared to the PT?

A

Fewer

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21
Q

How many mitochondria does the DT have compared to the PT?

A

Fewer

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22
Q

What is the H2O permeability status of the DT?

A

Not permeable to water

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23
Q

When is the only time the later DT is permeable to H2O?

A

If an anti-diuretic is present

24
Q

What is the shape of the nucleus in the DT?

A

Oval-shaped

25
Q

What is the shape of the nucleus in the PT?

A

Round

26
Q

How does the lumen of the DT appear on a histology slide?

A

clear (not a fuzzy brush border like the PT)

27
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

Layer of DT cells that communicate info from the DT to the glomerulus.

28
Q

What type of cells does the macula densa have?

A

cuboidal epithelium

29
Q

Does the macula densa have a basal lamina?

A

No

30
Q

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Specialized smooth muscle cell of the afferent arteriole wall

31
Q

What 4 things are present in the juxtaglomerular cells?

A
  1. Renin (hormone)
  2. Angiotensin converting enzyme
  3. Angiotensin I (hormone)
  4. Angiotensin II (hormone)
32
Q

Where in the kidney is the collecting tubule found?

A

Cortex and medulla

33
Q

What is the size of the CT as it goes further into the medulla?

A

gets bigger

34
Q

What two cells are found in the collecting tubules?

A
  1. Principal cells

2. Intercalated cells

35
Q

What two types of CT make up the main CT?

A
  1. Medullary CT

2. Papillary CT

36
Q

What are principal cells important for in the CT?

A

Reabsorption

37
Q

Do principal cells have a brush border?

A

No

38
Q

What is the purpose of intercalated cells of the CT?

A

Reabsorption but different than principal cells

39
Q

What is the cell shape of the CT?

A

Cells lower than PT but higher than DT

40
Q

What is a unique characteristic of the nuclei of the CT cells?

A

Have a pale halo present around them

41
Q

What is the mucosa of the ureter made up of and where is it located?

A

Transitional epithelium; overlies lamina propria

42
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

1st layer of the tunica muscularis

43
Q

What are the 5 layers of the ureter from inner to outermost?

A
  1. Mucosa w/transitional epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Tunica muscularis (inner longitudinal)
  4. Tunica muscularis (outer circular)
  5. Tunica adventitia
44
Q

What 4 things are transitional epithelium found in?

A
  1. Pelvis
  2. Ureter
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
45
Q

What are the 7 layers of the bladder from innermost to outermost?

A
  1. Transitional epithelium
  2. Lamina propria (outer)
  3. Lamina propria (inner)
  4. Tunica muscularis (inner longitudinal)
  5. Tunica muscularis (middle circular)
  6. Tunica muscularis (outer longitudinal)
  7. Tunica adventitia
46
Q

What is the tunica muscularis of the bladder called?

A

Dextrusor muscle

47
Q

What is the tunica adventitia made of?

A

C.t.

48
Q

What is the function of the internal sphincter muscle of the bladder?

A

Involuntary control of micturition

49
Q

What is the function of the external sphincter muscle of the bladder?

A

Voluntary control of micturition

50
Q

What is micturition?

A

Expelling of urine from bladder

51
Q

What are the layers of the urethra from inner to outermost?

A
  1. Transitional epithelium
  2. Lamina propria (lg and porous)
  3. Tunica muscularis (inner circular)
  4. Tunica muscualris (outer longitudinal)
  5. Tunica adventitia
52
Q

What is special about the lamina propria of the urethra?

A

It is large and porous

53
Q

What does the urethra do?

A

Carries urine from bladder to the outside

54
Q

What does the ureter do?

A

Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

55
Q

What epithelial type lines the LoH?

A) High cuboidal
B) Simple squamous
C) Transitional
D) Low cuboidal

A

B) Simple squamous

Histo (VM1 Fall) (27 decks)

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