Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo (VM1 Fall) > Exam 2 - Lecture 26 (Intro to Embryology) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Lecture 26 (Intro to Embryology) Flashcards

1
Q

What are congenital defects?

A

Defects that are present at birth (may not know about it right away or ever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are two types of congenital defects?

A
  1. Genetic

2. Environmental (drugs, plants, infections, pesticides, radiation, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What environmental factor plays a big role in veterinary congenital defects?

A

Drugs (vax, orals, topicals, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What environmental factor plays a big role in congenital defects in herbivores?

A

Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is multifactorial inheritance?

A

A couple of different factors come together to cause birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are birth defects usually a combo of?

A

Genetic and environmental causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the highest % of causes of birth defects in vet med?

A

Unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a critical period?

A

Point in time when an organ/organ system is developing, cells are undergoing replication, fetus is MOST exposed to outside influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two things that are a part of the first critical period of development in the cat?

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What critical period extends into postnatal time in the cat?

A

Development of cerebellum and cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens if an ewe eats Veratrum californicum at day 14-15 of gestation?

A

Cycloptic/monkey-faced lamb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What plant results in a cycloptic/monkey-faced lamb if the ewe ingests it/what day of gestation?

A

Veratrum californicum @ day 14-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Small or underdeveloped cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 general causes for cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

genetic, infectious, and toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 2 infectious causes for cerebellar hypoplasia?

A
  1. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

2. Feline panleukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the calf affected in BVD?

A

100-170 days of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is the kitten affected in feline panleukopenia?

A

Last part of gestation (9-14d) to early postnatal period (9-14d postnatally) (has to be infected during critical period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can totipotent cells give rise to?

A

Entire, complete organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

As stem cells differentiate, there is increased _____ on what the cell can become.

A

Restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

A

Outer layer surrounding the ovum during the first cell cleavage division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are blastomeres?

A

Early daughter cells that divide

22
Q

How many blastomeres are present in the second cleavage division?

A

4

23
Q

What is a morula?

A

Mulberry shaped phase of cell cleavage that consists of outer and inner blastomeres.

24
Q

What is a blastula and what are its components?

A

Phase of cell cleavage where the outer layer is trophoblasts, inner blastomeres are present just inside the trophoblasts, and the cavity is the blastocoele.

25
Q

What is the role of the blastocoele?

A

To aid in diffusion

26
Q

When the zona pellucida is in place, the cell number _____ but their size _____.

A

increases; decreases

27
Q

What is the fate of outer blastomeres in the morula?

A

Form placenta/trophoblasts

28
Q

What is the fate of inner blastomeres in the morula?

A

They are not restricted; contribute to inner cell mass (embryo) of the blastula

29
Q

What does gastrulation give rise to?

A

The 3 germ layers

30
Q

Gastrulation marks the beginning of _____.

A

Organ and body development

31
Q

When does gatrulation occur?

A

14d into gestation

32
Q

What are the 2 cavities of the developing embryo?

A
  1. Embryonic cavity

2. Yolk sac

33
Q

The embryo is a _____ disc.

A

bilaminar

34
Q

What are the two layers of the bilaminar disc?

A

Epiblast cells (tall) and hypoblast cells (shorter, underneath epi)

35
Q

What 2 things form at the beginning of gastrulation and where?

A
  1. Primitive streak
  2. Primitive node
    Form in the amniotic cavity
36
Q

What 4 things can you tell from the primitive streak and node?

A

R/L, Cranial/Caudal (head/tail)

37
Q

Epiblast cells flow through the _____ to give rise to the 3 germ layers.

A

primitive groove

38
Q

Epiblast cells that flow deep through the primitive groove give rise to _____.

A

Endoderm

39
Q

Epiblast cells that flow through the primitive groove to an intermediate location give rise to _____.

A

Mesoderm

40
Q

Epiblast cells that don’t migrate through the primitive groove give rise to _____.

A

Ectoderm

41
Q

At the notochord, epiblast cells flow through the _____.

A

primitive node

42
Q

Epiblast cells that flow through the primitive node flow in a _____ direction and lie between _____ and _____.

A

cranial; ectoderm; endoderm

43
Q

What 3 things does ectoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Neural tissue
  3. Skeletal/c.t. of the head
44
Q

What 2 things does endoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts

2. Organs of digestion

45
Q

What 4 things does mesoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Skeletal tissue
  3. Urogenital
  4. Cardiovascular
46
Q

What develops within the mesoderm to kick off the start of body formation/coelom closure?

A

tiny cavities/coelomic vesicles

47
Q

What do the coelomic vesicles form when they combine?

A

coelom

48
Q

What 2 things form along with the formation of the coelom?

A

Splanchnic and somatic mesoderm

49
Q

What does splanchnic mesoderm eventually give rise to?

A

internal organs

50
Q

What does somatic mesoderm eventually give rise to?

A

body wall

51
Q

Which way do splanchnic and somatic mesoderms grow and what do they form?

A

ventrally and medially; form gut tube and closure of embryo

52
Q

What is schistosomus reflexus and what happens as a result?

A

Condition where somatic mesoderm never made contact ventrally; head and legs are at one end of the body while viscera is at the other end.

Histo (VM1 Fall) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions