Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo (VM1 Fall) > Exam 2 - Lecture 32 (Digestive & Respiratory System) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Lecture 32 (Digestive & Respiratory System) Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things support intestinal development?

A
  1. Elongated dorsal mesentery

2. Cranial mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

From what does the cecum form?

A

As an evagination of the caudal limb of the intestinal loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens during physiological herniation of the intestine during development?

A

Developing intestine moves out of the embryo into the yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many degrees does the cranial limb of the developing intestinal tract move and what does it form?

A

270 degrees; root of mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What closes the cloaca?

A

cloacal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What divides the cloaca?

A

Urorectal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the urorectal septum form?

A

Junction of hindgut and allantois (urogenital sinus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which way does the cloaca divide?

A

Caudally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into?

A

anal membrane and urogenital membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 steps to cloacal separation?

A
  1. Urorectal septum moves towards cloaca to divide it
  2. Septum fuses with the cloacal membrane
  3. Formation of anal membrane and urogenital membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 malformations of the intestinal tract?

A
  1. Intestinal stenosis
  2. Intestinal atresia
  3. Atresia ani
  4. Urorectal fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is intestinal stenosis?

A

Narrowing of intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is intestinal atresia?

A

Section of intestine disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is atresia ani?

A

Anal membrane doesn’t break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a urorectal fistula?

A

Abnormal connection between rectum and urogenital system where the septum failed to divide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches give rise to as a whole?

A

pharynx and part of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 4 things can you find in the pharyngeal arches?

A
  1. Aortic arch
  2. Cartilage rod
  3. Nerve (cranial)
  4. Muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The 1st pharyngeal arch gives rise to CN # __?

A

V (trigeminal n.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bones does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Mandible, maxilla, incus, malleus

20
Q

What muscles does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of mastication and rostral digastricus

21
Q

The 2nd pharyngeal arch gives rise to CN # __?

A

VII (facial n.)

22
Q

What bones does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Hyoid bones and stapes

23
Q

What muscles does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of facial expression and caudal digastricus

24
Q

The 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches give rise to CN # __?

A

X (Vagus n.)

25
Q

What cartilage do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches give rise to?

A

laryngeal

26
Q

What muscles do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches give rise to?

A 
4th = cricothyroideus
6th = intrinsic laryngeal muscles
27
Q

The caudal laryngeal nerve is a terminal branch of the _____.

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

28
Q

What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around in the thoracic cavity?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

29
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around in the thoracic cavity?

A

R subclavian a.

30
Q

What causes cleft lip?

A

Medial nasal and maxillary processes don’t meet

31
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A

Secondary palates fail to meet each other, and can also fail to meet with the primary palate

32
Q

What part of the palates become the hard palate?

A

Rostral 1/3

33
Q

What part of the palates become the soft palate?

A

Caudal 2/3

34
Q

What is another name for cleft lip?

A

Cheiloschisis

35
Q

What is another name for cleft palate?

A

Palatoschisis

36
Q

At what timepoint does the secondary palate close?

A

Outside of the critical period

37
Q

In which direction does the trachea separate from the esophagus?

A

Caudal –> cranial

38
Q

What does early lung development deal with?

A

Large airway conduction (NOT gas exchange!!)

39
Q

When are the majority of alveoli produced?

A

Postnatally

40
Q

What part of the lungs increases in mass in order for them to grow?

A

mesodermal part

41
Q

Why is it important for the SA of the lungs to increase when they expand in the fetus?

A

Important for drawing fluid away by lymphatic vessels

42
Q

What are the 3 lung malformations?

A
  1. Pulmonary hypoplasia
  2. Tracheal hypoplasia
  3. Tracheoesophageal fistulas
43
Q

What is pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

Underdevelopment of lung

44
Q

What is tracheal hypoplasia?

A

Underdevelopment of trachea

45
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea

Histo (VM1 Fall) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions