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Anatomy A-215 > Exam 3: Eye > Flashcards

Exam 3: Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebrae

A

-eyelids

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2
Q

External Landmark: Sclera

A

-whites of the eye

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3
Q

External Landmark: Cornea

A

-transparent center part in front of the iris

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4
Q

External Landmark: Iris

A

-pigmented part of eye

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5
Q

External Landmark: Pupil

A

-opening of iris

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6
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • lines sclera and eyelid

- function: secretes mucus as a lubricant

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7
Q

Conjuctivitis

A
  • pink eye

- imflamed conjunctiva

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8
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus (function, structures, contents)

A
  • produces/collects tears (lacrimal fluid)
  • consists of lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal puncti, and nasolacrimal duct
  • contains water, sodium ions, antibodies (fight infections, lysozyme-antibacterial agent)
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9
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A

-produces and secretes tears

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10
Q

Lacrimal Canaliculi

A
  • from lacrimal puncti to nasal lacrimal duct

- drain tears

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11
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A
  • internal

- drains tears into nasal cavity, where they are eventually swallowed

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12
Q

Why do you get a runny nose when you cry?

A

-overproduction of tears overflows system

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13
Q

Medial Recuts

A

-moves eye medially (adducts)

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14
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

-moves eye laterally (abducts)

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15
Q

Superior Rectus

A

-elevates and moves eye medially (adducts)

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16
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

-depresses and moves eye medially (adducts)

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17
Q

Superior Oblique

A
  • depresses (pupil moves inferiorly) and moves eye laterally

- attaches to superior posterior part of eye

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18
Q

Inferior Oblique

A
  • elevates (pupil moves superiorly) and moves eye laterally

- attaches to inferior posterior part of eye

19
Q

Website to help learn eye movements

A

anatomy.hsc.wvu.edu/ReillyDental/VirtualPatients/ExtraocularSkeletalMuscle.swf

20
Q

Lens

A
  • biconvex, transparent structure inside eyeball
  • function: refracts light rays
  • held in place by suspensory ligaments
21
Q

Suspensory Ligaments

A

-actually change shape of lens due to what type of vision
How?
-when taut, make lens fatter for far vision
-when looser, make lens ‘puffier’ for near vision

22
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A
  • avascular

- made up of sclera and cornea

23
Q

Sclera (Function)

A

-supports and maintains eye shape

24
Q

Cornea (Structure)

A

-curved transparent structure anterior to iris and pupil

25
Q

Vascular Tunic

A
  • contains blood vessels to nourish eye

- consists of choroid, cilliary body, and iris (listed posterior to anterior)

26
Q

Choroid

A
  • dark brown membrane

- function: refracts light rays

27
Q

Cillary Body

A
  • ring of smooth muscle tissue that surrounds the lens
  • attaches to lens via suspensory ligaments
  • functions: changes pull on suspensory ligaments and secretes aqueous humor
  • far vision: cilliary relaxes, suspensory tight
  • near vision: cillary contract, suspensory loose
28
Q

Aqueous Humor

A
  • fluid very similar to CSF in composition and function
  • brings nutrients in and removes waste
  • drains into dural venous sinuses
29
Q

Iris

A
  • pigmented colored part of eye
  • contains pupil
  • function: constricts or dilates pupil to regulate amount of light entering eye
30
Q

Retina

A
  • converts light rays to nerve impulses

- consists of pigmented layer and neural layer

31
Q

Pigmented Layer

A
  • outer layer of retina adjacent to choroid

- function: absorb stray light rays

32
Q

Neural Layer

A
  • inner layer of retina
  • function: its photoreceptors receive light information and convert it into nerve impulses that are sent, via CN II (optic nerve) to the brain
  • 2 types: rods and cones
33
Q

Rods

A
  • work in dim/low light

- image fuzzy not very sharp

34
Q

Cones

A
  • work in bright light, produce clear, sharp image

- perceive color

35
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • buildup of pressure in space containing aqueous humor
  • 1 cause: increased pressure in space-not draining properly (too much aqueous humor)
  • can cause blindess
36
Q

Optic Disc (Blind Spot)

A
  • area where the optic nerve exists the eye

- contains no photoreceptors-only axons

37
Q

Macula Lutea

A
  • lateral to optic disc

- in center is Fovea Centralis

38
Q

Fovea Centralis

A
  • area of sharpest vision

- only cones (so needs light)

39
Q

Anterior Cavity

A
  • between cornea and lens

- filled with aqueous humor

40
Q

Posterior Cavity

A
  • between lens and retina

- contains vitreous humor

41
Q

Vitreous umor

A
  • gelatinous-helps maintain shape of eye
  • not constantly made
  • have same amount since birth
42
Q

Pathway of Processing Visual Information

A
  • light rays enter eye through cornea and are refracted
  • light rays are further refracted by lens
  • light rays focus on retina
  • light ray information is converted to nerve impulses by photoreceptors
  • nerve impulses transmitted to the brain via CN II (Optic Nerve)
43
Q

LASIK Eye Surgery

A

-reshape cornea with laser

Anatomy A-215 (24 decks)

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