Exam 2: Cerebrum and Receptors

Question 1

Telencephalon Functions

Answer 1

• the cerebrum
• higher brain functions
• memory, personality, decision making

Question 2

Cerebrum consists of…?

Answer 2

• outer gray matter (cerebral cortex)
• inner white matter
• each hemisphere controls opposite sides of body

Question 3

Structure of Cerebrum

Answer 3

• 2 cerebral hemispheres (R and L)
• Longitudinal fissure separates two hemispheres
• corpus callosum-axons that connect R and L hemispheres
• cortex is highly convoluted

Question 4

Gyrus

Answer 4

-raised areas/elevation

Question 5

Sulcus

Answer 5

-depression or groove between gyri

Question 6

Frontal Lobe

Answer 6

• ends at central sulcus-separates frontal and parietal lobes
• contains motor speech area (Broca’s area) and primary motor cortex

Question 7

Motor Speech Area (Broca’s area)

Answer 7

• left frontal
• controls motor functions involved with speech
• if damaged you are physically unable to speak

Question 8

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 8

• located in precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe
• controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement
• so left primary motor cortex controls right side of body

Question 9

Parietal Lobe

Answer 9

• ends anteriorly at central sulcus
• lateral limits at lateral sulcus (groove that separates frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe)
• contains primary somatosensory cortex and Wernicke’s Area

Question 10

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 10

• located in postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe
• receives sensory input from skin, muscles, joints
• sensations from left side of body sent to right cortex and vice versa

Question 11

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 11

• overlaps areas in both parietal and temporal lobes
• speech comprehension area
• helps us understand written/spoken language and produce understandable language
• if damaged we can physically speak, but it’s jibberish

Question 12

Temporal Lobe

Answer 12

-contains primary auditory cortex, primary olfactory cortex and Wernicke’s area

Question 13

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 13

• part of temporal lobe
• interprets/distinguishes sounds
• stores auditory memories (remembers sounds and replays them)

Question 14

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Answer 14

• part of temporal lobe

- processes smell information and provides conscious awareness of smells

Question 15

Occipital lobe

Answer 15

-contains primary visual cortex

Question 16

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 16

• part of occipital lobe

- works with other areas in the occipital lobe to distinguish and interpret visual images

Question 17

Insula

Answer 17

• deep to lateral sulcus
• involved with memory
• contains primary gustatory cortex

Question 18

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Answer 18

• part of insula

- involved in processing taste information

Question 19

Receptors

Answer 19

• structure that converts a sensory stimulus to a nerve impulse
• different ways to classify receptors (stimulus location, receptor distribution, or type of stimulating agent)
• focused here on stimulus location

Question 20

Externoceptors

Answer 20

• near surface of body
• some are cutaneous receptors (in skin)
• special senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, balance)

Question 21

Interoceptors (Visceroceptors)

Answer 21

-primarily stretch receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessles and viscera

Question 22

Proprioceptors

Answer 22

• provides information about muscles, joints, and tendons

- cerebellum receives and integrates proprioceptive info