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Anatomy A-215 > Exam 3: Ear > Flashcards

Exam 3: Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Hearing (Audition)

A

-detecting sound waves and converting them into nerve impulses

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2
Q

Equilibrium (Balance)

A

-detect position of head

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3
Q

External Ear

A

-consists of auricle, external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

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4
Q

Auricle (Pinna)

A
  • outer mass of tissue

- function: collects sound waves to external acoustic meatus

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5
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A
  • between auricle and tympanic membrane

- function: directs sound to tympanic membrane

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6
Q

Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)

A

-function: move/vibrate auditory ossicles when sound waves vibrate membrane

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7
Q

Middle Ear

A

-lateral (external) boundary is tympanic membrane
-medial (internal) boundary is oval window and round window
-contains auditory ossicles (ear bones)
and auditory tube

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8
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A
  • malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
  • connects with oval window of inner ear (where sound waves are transmitted to inner ear)
  • Function: transmit and amplify sound waves to inner ear
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9
Q

Auditory Tube

A
  • connects middle ear with nasopharynx (upper throat

- function: equalizes pressure in middle ear

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10
Q

Popping sensation when changing altitudes

A

-Caused by auditory tube opening and releasing pressure

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11
Q

Inner Ear

A

-consists of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

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12
Q

Bony Labyrinth

A
  • spaces/cavities inside temporal bone

- consists of vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

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13
Q

Membranous Labyrinth

A
  • membranous sacs/tubes that rest inside the bony labyrinth

- consists of utricle, saccule, semicirular ducts, and cochlear duct (scala media)

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14
Q

Perilymph

A
  • fluid between bony and membranous labyrinth

- similar to CSF (in composition and function)

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15
Q

Endolymph

A
  • fluid inside membranous labyrinth
  • different chemically from perilymph
  • helps conduct sound waves
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16
Q

Vestibule

A

-oval central portion of bony labyrinth

17
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

-three circular spaces/canals in bony labyrinth

18
Q

Cochlea

A

-spiral chamber of bony labyrinth

19
Q

Utricle

A
  • sac inside vestibule
  • membranous labyrinth
  • involved in interpreting equilibrium
20
Q

Saccule

A
  • another sac inside vestibule
  • membranous labyrinth
  • involved in interpreting equilibrium
21
Q

Semicircular Ducts

A
  • three membranous tubes in semicircular canals
  • membranous labyrinth
  • involved in interpreting equilibrium
22
Q

Cochlear Duct (Scala Media)

A
  • membranous tube inside cochlea
  • membranous labyrinth
  • involved in hearing
  • splits cochlea into two chambers
23
Q

How is equilibrium information transmitted?

A

-through vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

24
Q

Scala Vestibuli

A
  • above cochlear duct
  • filled with perilymph
  • part of cochlea (bony labyrinth)
  • connects to oval window
25
Q

Oval Window

A

-directs sound waves through scala vestibuli

26
Q

Scala Tympani

A
  • below cochlear duct
  • filled with perilymph
  • part of cochlea (bony labyrinth)
  • connects to round window
27
Q

Round Window

A

-excess sound waves leave inner ear through this

28
Q

Spiral Organ (Organ of Corti)

A
  • filled with endolymph
  • contained in cochlear duct
  • rests on basilar membrane
  • contains hair cells with have stereocilla (touch tectorial membrane)
29
Q

How sound waves travel

A
  • when sound waves enter via the scala vestibuli, they vibrate a small portion of the basilar memrane
  • when the basilar membrane moves the stereocilia of the hair cells touch the tectorial membrane
  • bending of the stereocilia generates a nerve impulse
  • nerve impulses are sent to the brain via the cochlear brance of the vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
  • remaining sound waves are transferred to the scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window
30
Q

Complete (Brief) Overview of Hearing

A
  • Sound waves are collected by auricle, travel in external acoustic meatus, sent to tympanic membrane
  • Vibration of tympanic membrane causes vibration of auditory ossicles, wich in turn vibrates the oval window
  • Sound waves travel through the scala vestibuli and vibrates a portion of the basilar membrane (which is attached to spiral organ)
  • Stereocilia of the hair cells bend against the tectorial membrane which generates a nerve impulse
  • Nerve impulse is sent to the brain via the vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
  • remaining sound waves are transferred to the scala tympani and leave the inner ear through the round window
31
Q

Otitis Media

A
  • inflammation of middle ear
  • may occur after respiratory infection
  • spreads to auditory tube
  • pain and pressure in middle ear
  • can rupture tympanic membrane
32
Q

Myringotomy

A
  • surgical procedure to to put in tubes in tympanic membrane
  • for chronic ear infections
  • help drain fluid in middle ear
33
Q

Frequencies and Basilar Membrane

A
  • low notes (frequencies) vibrate basilar membrane far away from oval window
  • high notes (frequencies) vibrate basilar membrane close to oval window

Anatomy A-215 (24 decks)

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