Exam 3 Exam Questions

Question 1

True or false? The recognition of Exercise and Sport Psychology as a formal division within the American Psychological Association was a significant milestone in the professional development of the field.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or false? Individual personality plays an unimportant role in the behaviors that individuals exhibit during participation in physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or false? There appears to be very specific personality characteristics that predict adherence to a regular physical activity or exercise program.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

True or false? Extrinsic motivation is the predominant factor that causes an individual to engage in behavior because the individual enjoys the process and gains pleasure and satisfaction from that participation.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True or false? Self-efficacy has been shown to be an important factor in an individual’s choice of activities, effort exerted in those activities, and persistence in the activity when faced with challenges.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or false? Individuals who are characterized as chronic exercisers have lower perceptions of individual control over their own health, an external locus of causality, and less control over exercise behavior.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or false? The promotion of positive outcomes during physical activity, exercise, sport and athletic competition will result in a positive emotional response of the individual, providing further support for continued participation.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false? As arousal increases from low to moderate levels, there is a decrease in performance, but if arousal continues to increase, there is a point when skill performance becomes unaffected by the level of arousal.

Answer 8

false

Question 9

True or false? Exercise has the ability to enhance mental health by reducing anxiety and depression and enhancing psychological well-being.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or false? Neither aerobic exercise nor resistance exercise training can improve brain function, particularly in older adults.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or false? Regular exercise training can improve brain function, particularly in older adults.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or false? By effectively promoting adherence, there is a greater likelihood that an individual will discontinue regular program of physical activity and exercise and thereby not derive the associated health benefits.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The first true experiment in sport psychology, performed by Norm Triplett, involved the examination of performance during a:

A) college football game.

B) bicycle race.

C) professional climbing event.

D) professional baseball game.

Answer 13

B) bicycle race.

Question 14

______ is considered to have changed the “half-time” motivational speech.

A) Norman Triplett

B) Franklin Henry

C) Coleman Griffith

D) Dorothy Hazeltine Yates

Answer 14

C) Coleman Griffith

Question 15

One of the primary differences identified in personality characteristics between successful and unsuccessful athletes suggests that successful athletes are:

A) more self-confident.

B) less able to retain optimal competition focus in response to obstacles and distractions.

C) have thoughts, images, and feelings about sport.

D) indifferent to obtaining excellence in their sport.

Answer 15

A) more self-confident.

Question 16

Self-efficacy is an important determinant of behavior in physical activity, exercise, and sport and is derived from four factors, one of which is:

A) past performance.

B) extrinsic motivation.

C) intrinsic motivation.

D) emotional reactions.

Answer 16

A) past performance.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes how self-efficacy is related to athletic competition.

a) It has little influence on successful performance
b) It is constantly changing depending on the situation and environment
c) It is only influenced by external factors
d) It only has a positive influence on physical skill

Answer 17

b) It is constantly changing depending on the situation and environment

Question 18

Athletes who concentrate on certain relevant environmental stimuli though at the same time ignoring irrelevant stimuli will have a _________ chance at successful performance than individuals who are distracted and unable to concentrate.

A) lesser

B) greater

C) equal

D) concentration does not affect performance

Answer 18

B) greater

Question 19

Which of the following hypotheses best explains that an improved emotional profile
after exercise is because exercise provides a release from the normal everyday occurrences that can lead to stress and negative emotions?

A) Monoamine hypothesis

B) Thermogenic hypothesis

C) Endorphin hypothesis
D) Distraction hypothesis

Answer 19

D) Distraction hypothesis

Question 20

True or False? Motor learning is the study of how individuals learn skilled movements from practice or experience.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False? Motor control is the study of the neurologic, physiologic, and behavioral aspects of movement and how our brain and spinal cord plan and perform those movements.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False? Motor behavior is the understanding of how the body develops, controls, and learns the skills that individuals use in physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False? Most of the prominent information in motor development came from observing the activities of babies and their changes in reflexes, movement, and learning behavior on a day-to-day basis.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False? Franklin Henry developed the memory drum theory and is often considered the “founder of motor skills research”.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or false? During sport and athletic competitions, anticipating a movement by an opponent reduces the time required by an athlete to respond to a movement by an opponent.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or false? Age-associated reductions in cardiovascular function lead to lower oxygen levels in the brain and higher levels of cardiovascular fitness and regular aerobic exercise can slow or retard cognitive declines because of an increased oxygen delivery to the brain.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or false? In sport activities, a practice session that does not sufficiently challenge the individual enhances practice performance but restricts learning of the skill.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or false? The recruitment of motor units during movement is responsible for the force generated by a muscle during contraction.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or false? The process of scaling involves modifying equipment to meet the age and skill level of the participant involved in the sport.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

________ is the study of change in motor behavior over a life span and the various processes which underlie these changes.

A) Motor development

B) Motor control

C) Motor learning

D) Motor knowledge

Answer 30

A) Motor development

Question 31

The concept of bioelectricity and how it controls muscle movement was formulated by:

A) Claudius Galen

B) Rene Descartes

C) Luigi Galvani

D) Coleman Griffith

Answer 31

C) Luigi Galvani

Question 32

Information about successful completion of a movement skill requires three stages, the
a Response programming
b stimulus recognition
c response selection
d cognitive learning

Answer 32

b stimulus recognition

Question 33

The ________ is the area of the brain in humans that serves to coordinate complex voluntary movements, posture, and balance.
A) cerebellum B) basal ganglia
C) motor cortex D) peripheral motor neurons

Answer 33

A) cerebellum

Question 34

________ is defined as the difficulty of the motor problem an individual must resolve to be successfully complete the task relative to the performance abilities of the individual performing the task.
A) Context interference
B) Task complexity
C) Challenge point
d) Relative task difficulty

Answer 34

d) Relative task difficulty

Question 35

True or false? Giovanni Borelli first demonstrated how geometry could be used to describe complex human and animal movements such as jumping, running, and swimming.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or false? The development of electrocardiography allowed scholars to examine the kinematics and kinetics of movement, and led to the use of engineering principles in biomechanical analysis.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True or false? The division of the body into three imaginary cardinal planes allows for a reference of biomechanical movements in three dimensions: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True or false? The reference system most commonly used in biomechanics is a Cartesian coordinate system in which units are measured in the direction of one primary axes.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

True or false? Clinical biomechanists work with other healthcare providers, such as physicians and physical and occupational therapists, to help individuals return to normal functions as quickly as possible.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True or false? Using proper technique to perform a task often produces disabling injury to active and supporting tissues and muscles.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

True or false? In most cases, high school athletic coaches use quantitative biomechanical analysis methods to affect changes in technique of the athlete and improve the performance of the athlete during competition.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

_______ is the study of bodies, masses, and forces when they are speeding up or slowing down.

A) Statics biomechanics

B) Dynamic biomechanics

C) Kinematics

D) Kinetics

Answer 42

B) Dynamic biomechanics

Question 43

_______ was the first to view bodies as mechanical systems.

A) Aristotle

B) Archimedes

C) Marcus Aurelius

D) Claudius Galen

Answer 43

A) Aristotle

Question 44

A force that tends to shorten or squeeze something, decreasing its volume is called:

A) compressive force.

B) tensile force.

C) shear force.

D) volume force.

Answer 44

A) compressive force.

Question 45

A physical injury to the body tissues can result from the repeated action of relatively small forces acting on tissue, and this is called:

A) an acute injury.

B) a chronic injury.

C) a mechanistic injury.

D) a microinjury.

Answer 45

B) a chronic injury.

Question 46

The development of individualized rehabilitation techniques, wheelchair design, tissue performance, surgical techniques, and bone and tissue design are examples of activities performed by:

A) sports biomechanists.

B) clinical biomechanists.

C) ergonomists.

D) none of the above

Answer 46

B) clinical biomechanists.

Question 47

__________ work primarily to prevent workplace injuries and improve the performance of the individual to return to work after an injury has occurred by modifying the workplace environment.

A) Ergonomists

B) Sports biomechanists

C) Clinical biomechanists

D) Physical therapists

Answer 47

A) Ergonomists

Question 48

__________ describes how major motor movements of the body occur at the same time so that no observable difference exists between the contributions of the different body segments to the performance.

A) sequential kinetic link principle

B) simultaneous motion principle

C) link principle

D) simultaneous kinetic link principle

Answer 48

D) simultaneous kinetic link principle

Question 49

True or false? An individual’s behavior can change as a result of influences from the social environment, such as being a member of a recreational sport team.

Answer 49

True