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Foundations of Exercise Science > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define static biomechanics and an example

A

Examining of the bodies (human bodies or objects), masses and forces at rest or constantly moving

Example: Walking, or sitting down resting

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2
Q

Define dynamic biomechanics and name an example

A

Investigates masses and forces on the body or objects when they are speeding up (accelerating) or slowing down (decelerating)

Example: sprinting, punching, kicking, swimming

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3
Q

What are 2 benefits to athletes of biomechanics?

A
  1. To not get injured as easily
  2. Ability to perform your best
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4
Q

Define clinical biomechanics and name an example

A

Focuses on improving the ability of an injured or disabled person to do daily activity, exercise, or physical activity

Example: helping an elderly lady to walk normally after a total knee replacement. Put in their contacts, OT THINGS

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5
Q

Define sport biomechanics and name an example

A

Applies mechanics and physics to enhance sport performance through improving techniques or equipment

Example: helping an athlete get a better sprinting form

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6
Q

Who is considered the father of biomechanics?

A

Giovanni Alphonso Borelli

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7
Q

What is linear motion?

A

Where all the points of the body are moving in the same direction at the same time at the same speed at the same distance

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8
Q

What is angular motion?

A

Where the points of your body rotate/spin around the central imagery line (the axis)

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9
Q

What is general motion?

A

Where linear and angular movements are combined

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10
Q

Are unique body types essential/give an edge based on an athletes sport? And give an example

A

YES THEY ARE

Example: Better for running backs to be shorter and more stocky, big wingspan for basketball

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11
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Where it divides the body into right and left halves

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12
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Divides the body into front and back

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13
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Cuts the body into upper and lower halves

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14
Q

What did aristotle focus on

A

He focused on you need a healthy body to have a healthy brain. And studied movement of the body as well.

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15
Q

What did Claudius Galen focus on

A

Studying gladiators (physician of the gladiators). How the body functions.

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16
Q

What was leonardo da vincis focus on in regards to biomechanics?

A

How the body works as a machine and how the parts work together

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17
Q

What was galileo galilei focus on in regards to biomechanics?

A

How the body is in motion

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18
Q

how did the 20th century influence biomechanics?

A

New industrial technology to exam the workers and how their biomechanics work

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19
Q

Define mechanical system and name an example

A

The system that you are interested and that you want to study EVERYTHING INVOLVED TO MAKE THE BODY MOVE OR BODY PART

Example: the racket and the person is what you’d study since you are hitting the tennis ball. Or a football player running and using cleats you would study all of that since the cleats help the athlete run and cut.

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20
Q

What is the anatomic reference position?

A

body posture where a person stands upright, facing forward, with arms at their sides, palms facing forward, feet flat and together, and toes pointing straight ahead

21
Q

What are quantitative spatial reference systems?

A

Where you describe the movement of an athlete using numbers and measuring those movements

22
Q

What are qualitative spatial reference systems?

A

Things that describe the technique or skill performed. Describes the performance outcome.

Example: describing that the gymnast stuck the landing, The gymnast ran in the south direction and did 3 flips

23
Q

What sorts of careers might a person have who was trained in biomechanics?

A

developing different equipment for nike, speedo, or other companies like that. Doing research as well.

24
Q

What is cartesian coordinate system?

A

use of a coordination system to map the motion and body position of the athlete (3.4). (uses an X,Y graph)

25
Q

What is compressive force?

A

Force that tends to shorten of squeeze something, DECREASING THE VOLUME

26
Q

What is shear force?

A

Force that acts on a substance in a direction perpendicular (going the same way) to the extension of the substance. (trying the shear it)

26
Q

What is tensile force?

A

A force which tends to stretch or elongate the muscle

27
Q

What do these anatomical reference planes mean?

Anterior
POsterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral
Medial
inferior
Cephalic
Caudal

A

Anterior- Front part of the body
POsterior- Back part of the body
Dorsal- Back part of the body (posterior)
Ventral- Front part of the body (anterior)
Lateral- away from the body midline (the middle of your body where the belly button it at)
Medial- closer to the midline of the body
inferior- Lower on the body (farther away from the head)
superior- higher up (closer to the head)
Cephalic- higher up on the body (like superior)
Caudal- lower on the body (like inferior)

28
Q

Describe tension and combined loads

A

Tension: The amount of stretch in the muscle related to the mass of the load that you are trying to move (you have to move that load with the same amount of force as the weight you are trying to move 1lb pencil = 1lb force)

29
Q

Describe effects of loading

A

Where it can help you load your muscles to perform better plyometrics is big on this (20% is optimal contraction)

30
Q

Describe acute loading

A

Maximal amount of force developed all at once. Muscle contraction happens all at once.

31
Q

Describe repetitive loading

A

It is where you load your muscles too quickly and your body doesn’t recover on time so you diminish your bodies contraction ability

32
Q

Define ergonomics Name an example

A

The interaction between humans and the objects they use and their environment in which they function

Example: How your seat belt keeps you safe in the car. How bluetooth limits texting and driving and keeps you safe.

33
Q

Why are ergonomics used?

A

To prevent workplace injuries and improve the ability to return to work after injury EQUIPMENT THAT IS DESIGNED TO MAKE LIFE EASIER AND MORE SAFE

34
Q

What is the sequential kinetic link principle?

A

The movement of your muscles where it can produce a lot of speed not a lot of force

35
Q

What is the simultaneous kinetic link principle?

A

Simultaneous movement of muscles (muscles move at the same time) that produces a lot of force not a lot of speed

36
Q

Define intertia

A

Where the body maintains its current state of motion whether it is motionless or moving STAYING CONSTANT

37
Q

Define mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

38
Q

Define force

A

An external force that causes a change in the motion of the body

39
Q

Define pressure

A

A force from one region of gas, liquid, or solid that effects on another region of gas, liquid or solid

40
Q

Define volume

A

The amount of space that is occupied in a region or space (how much space it takes up)

41
Q

Define density

A

The amount of mass that is in an object

42
Q

Define torque

A

It is force that makes the object rotate around an axis

43
Q

If an object A has more mass than object B. Which will have more inertia?

A

Object A because it is heavier

44
Q

How may technique improvement help athletes improve? (2)

A
  • less injuries occur
  • The athlete is more efficient
45
Q

How may equipment improvement help athletes improve? (1)

A
  • how different shoes can make you jump higher and run fast just improve your overall performance
46
Q

How may training improvement help athletes improve? (2)

A
  • training during good weather
  • practicing proper technique and using proper equipment
47
Q

How may injury prevention help athletes improve? (2)

A
  • just being smarter during practice
  • having better technique and equipment

Foundations of Exercise Science (16 decks)

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