Exam 3 Differentiating Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

Most often result of antibiotic use that has disrupted natural flora of GI system

Answer 1

CDiff

Question 2

Result of damage or malformation of inner ear

Answer 2

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 3

Transmitted through breastmilk, blood transfusion, and organ donation; leading cause of hearing loss and intellectual disability in children

Answer 3

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 4

Manifestations include lack of social ability, lack of verbalization, little interest in verbal interaction, inability to use toys, lack of smiling, obsession with order

Answer 4

autism spectrum disorders

Question 5

Manifestations include lack of eye contact, avoidances of touch, sleep disturbances, lack of stranger anxiety, lack of parental preference, disturbed affect

Answer 5

failure to thrive

Question 6

Autoimmune neurologic disorder of peripheral nervous system

Answer 6

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Question 7

Develops as result of imbalance of production and absorption of CSF

Answer 7

hydrocephalus

Question 8

Dry, inflamed, pruritic patches from this chronic inflammatory condition

Answer 8

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 9

Scraping or tearing of cornea by foreign bodies, contact lenses, paper, or fingernails

Answer 9

corneal abrasion

Question 10

Alteration in way words are pronounced

Answer 10

articulation disorder

Question 11

Sudden high fever (103 or more) followed by rose pink maculopapular rash

Answer 11

roseola

Question 12

Eyes are not aligned due to lack of ocular muscle coordination

Answer 12

strabismus

Question 13

Distinct cough; three phases

Answer 13

pertussis

Question 14

Manifestations include excessive tearing, light sensitivity, muscle spasms, and enlargement of globe

Answer 14

glaucoma

Question 15

Painful, inflamed lesions with mild fever; may refuse PO intake

Answer 15

hand foot and mouth disease

Question 16

Born with failure to thrive and high risk of mortality within first year of life

Answer 16

congenital rubella

Question 17

Result of damage to conduction system between auditory nervous system and cerebral cortex

Answer 17

central hearing loss

Question 18

Primarily affects salivary glands

Answer 18

mumps

Question 19

Physical manifestations include pre and post natal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, joint anomalies, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, ear anomalies, cleft lip and palate, short palpebral fissures

Answer 19

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 20

Chronic, nonprogressive disorder of posture and movement that results from a prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal injury

Answer 20

cerebral palsy

Question 21

Oily, yellow scales block sweat and sebaceous glands, leading to inflammation

Answer 21

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

Question 22

Frequent cause of eye problems in children; depth perception is impaired

Answer 22

amblyopia (lazy eye)

Question 23

Brief paroxysmal behavior caused by excessive discharge of neurons

Answer 23

seizures

Question 24

Birthmark caused by capillary malformation that gets darker as child ages and may become nodular by middle age adulthood

Answer 24

port wine stain

Question 25

Red, fine, papular, sandpaper-like rash with skin peeling; red, swollen tongue

Answer 25

scarlet fever

Question 26

Alteration in pitch and intonation, resulting from medical condition such as cleft palate

Answer 26

disorder of the voice

Question 27

X-linked disorder that commonly affects males

Answer 27

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 28

Red lesions with scaly appearance

Answer 28

Tinea infections

Question 29

butterfly rash is a classic sign

Answer 29

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 30

Larvae create burrows and tunnels that creates rash and itching that worsens at night

Answer 30

scabies

Question 31

Dry, inflamed, pruritic skin along area caused by direct contact with skin and an irritant

Answer 31

contact dermatitis

Question 32

Visual disturbance from alterations in path of light through eye

Answer 32

refractive errors

Question 33

Decreased ability to say words

Answer 33

expressive disorder

Question 34

Presents as cold sore or fever blister

Answer 34

HSV-1

Question 35

Opacity of lens

Answer 35

cataract

Question 36

Vague symptoms including fever, chills, body aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, runny nose, headache

Answer 36

rubella

Question 37

Physical manifestations include brachycephaly; flat profile; wide, flat nasal bridge; webbing of neck; narrow, high-arched palate; protruding tongue; small, low-set ears; short stature; broad hands; singular transverse palmar crease; widened gap between toes; broad neck; dry skin; hypermobility of joints; hypotonic muscles

Answer 37

Down syndrome

Question 38

Birthmark with proliferation of dilated capillaries and endothelial cells that is normally gone by 5-6 years

Answer 38

hemangioma

Question 39

Manifestations include pain, tearing, purulent drainage, and blurred vision from trauma to eye; may cause corneal scarring and blindness

Answer 39

corneal ulcer

Question 40

Combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 40

mixed hearing loss

Question 41

Manifestations include fever, malaise, pharyngitis, enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly

Answer 41

infectious mononucleosis

Question 42

Most common causative agent in hospital associated infections

Answer 42

MRSA

Question 43

Birthmark with pigment deep within dermis

Answer 43

Mongolian spot

Question 44

X-linked disorder that primarily affects females

Answer 44

Rett Syndrome

Question 45

Acquired cell-mediated immunodeficiency disorder

Answer 45

HIV

Question 46

Fever, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots

Answer 46

measles

Question 47

Related to sloughing of skin cells, overgrowth of normal bacteria, hormonal fluctuations, stress, and hereditary factors

Answer 47

acne vulgaris

Question 48

Manifestations include excessive tearing of eye, crusting along eyelid upon waking, small mass on inner corner of eye

Answer 48

blocked lacrimal duct

Question 49

Inflammation from pathogen causes pustular lesions that weep honey-colored fluid which crusts over lesions

Answer 49

impetigo

Question 50

Outer or middle ear affected by damage, inflammation, or obstruction

Answer 50

conductive hearing loss

Question 51

Red areas beneath the conjunctiva that resolve spontaneously

Answer 51

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Question 52

X-linked disorder that interferes with discrimination between color groups

Answer 52

color deficiency (color blindness)

Question 53

autoimmune disorder that results in connective tissue inflammation

Answer 53

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 54

Interruption in flow of normal speech, including stuttering and lisping

Answer 54

fluency disorder

Question 55

Congenital neural tube defects classified by incomplete closure of the vertebrae

Answer 55

spina bifida

Question 56

Manifestations include severe eyelid edema, erythema, anteriorly displaced eye

Answer 56

orbital cellulitis

Question 57

Hot or corrosive liquid splashes to eye

Answer 57

chemical splashing

Question 58

Normal growth and development stops between 6-18 months

Answer 58

Rett Syndrome

Question 59

Most common infectious process affecting CNS

Answer 59

meningitis

Question 60

Hemorrhage from blow or penetration to eye

Answer 60

hyphema

Question 61

Manifestations include difficulty with eye contact; difficulty establishing and maintaining peer relationships; behavior dysfunction from speech, language, and sensory impairment (temper tantrums, self-injury, gaze avoidance, self-stimulation, extreme agitation, abnormal speech, poor coordination).

Answer 61

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 62

Allergic, inflammatory reaction to medications or autoimmune disorder that presents like a burn

Answer 62

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Question 63

Rash is deep red, macular rash that starts on face and neck and spreads down trunk to feet

Answer 63

measles

Question 64

Raccoon eyes and Battle sign

Answer 64

basilar skull fracture

Question 65

Lesions become pustular then dry and crust over

Answer 65

varicella

Question 66

Bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissue presenting with heat, tenderness, redness, and swelling

Answer 66

cellulitis

Question 67

Thick white patches in mouth

Answer 67

thrush

Question 68

Birthmark with distended dermal capillaries; can get redder as infant cries

Answer 68

salmon patch

Question 69

Physical manifestations include large, prominent ears; long, narrow face; disproportionate head circumference; enlarged testicles; flat feet; lax ankles; hyperextendable fingers; soft smooth skin

Answer 69

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 70

Manifestations include stereotyped hand movements, gait problems, loss of fine motor control, and speech regression

Answer 70

Rett Syndrome

Question 71

Manifestations include edema, GI upset, bruising, increased infection, increased appetite and weight, muscle atrophy, hypertension, growth limitations

Answer 71

corticosteroid therapy

Question 72

Headache with generalized pain, band-like tightness or pressure, tight neck muscles, and sore scalp

Answer 72

tension headache

Question 73

Mild to incapacitating headache that may be accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and irritability

Answer 73

migraine

Question 74

Bright red facial rash typically followed by maculopapular rash with lacy appearance

Answer 74

erythema infectiosum (slap cheek of fifth disease)

Question 75

Decreased ability to comprehend language

Answer 75

receptive disorder

Question 76

Manifestations include scratching, burning, light sensitivity, edema, redness, discharge of eye

Answer 76

conjunctivitis