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Pediatric Nursing Care > Chapter 55: The Child with a Sensory Alteration > Flashcards

Chapter 55: The Child with a Sensory Alteration Flashcards

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1
Q

Risk of rebleed with hyphema is highest in first _______ days

A

5

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2
Q

Ability to produce words

A

Expressive language

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3
Q

Refractive error that can occur after cataract removal

A

hyperopia

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4
Q

White or clear drainage from lacrimal duct

A

Expected drainage

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5
Q

If left untreated, corneal ulcers can result in ________________ and ___________

A

corneal scarring, blindness

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6
Q

Often the result of Valsalva maneuvers (vomiting, straining, coughing)

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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7
Q

Total vocabulary is around 50 words at this age

A

2 years

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8
Q

Newborns can pick up on ________ and ___________ more easily than words

A

tones, pitch

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9
Q

Treatment for corneal abrasion

A

antibiotic eye drops
patching for larger ones

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10
Q

Green or yellow drainage from lacrimal duct

A

Indicates infection; antibiotic eye drops should be prescribed

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11
Q

When do ears begin to develop in utero?

A

During 3rd week

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12
Q

Surgery to correct strabismus should ideally be performed before age _______

A

2 years

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13
Q

When is the fetus capable of hearing?

A

during the 2nd trimester

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14
Q

Type of hearing loss with a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

A

mixed hearing loss

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15
Q

An alteration in the way words are pronounced that may be linked to neuromuscular or structural abnormality

A

articulation disorder

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16
Q

Children with conjunctivitis should be kept home for ___________ after antibiotics have been started

A

24 hours

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17
Q

Treatment for pain associated with orbital cellulitis

A

analgesics
applying heat up to 4 times a day

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18
Q

Resolves on own within 2-3 weeks

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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19
Q

Put on bed rest with head of bed elevated 30-40 degrees

A

hyphema

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20
Q

Causes of conjunctivitis in infants include _______________ and ________________.

A

maternal infections
reaction to prophylactic eye medications

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21
Q

Another term for amblyopia

A

lazy eye

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22
Q

Often, a blocked lacrimal duct is easily cleared up by _______________

A

gentle massaging

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23
Q

If stuttering persists beyond age ___, the child should be referred for speech evaluation

A

5

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24
Q

Three ways to avoid increasing intraocular pressure

A

Elevate head of bed
Do not put affected eye in dependent position
Reduce vomiting, coughing, straining

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25
Q

The child can speak in simple sentences of 1-2 words at this age

A

18 months

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26
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis infection during infancy

A

chlamydia

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27
Q

Newborn hearing screenings only identify _________ hearing loss.

A

moderate to severe

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28
Q

When does babbling begin?

A

4-6 months

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29
Q

Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage or malformation of the inner ear

A

sensorineural hearing loss

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30
Q

During development, eyes and ears are sensitive to ____________.

A

teratogens

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31
Q

Intraocular pressure measurement best done under _______ sedation because _______ sedation will alter readings.

A

light, deep

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32
Q

___________ is advised as soon as possible after a glaucoma diagnosis is made.

A

Surgery

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33
Q

Most common type of speech defect

A

articulation disorder

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34
Q

Scraping or tearing of the cornea by foreign bodies, contact lenses, paper, or fingernails

A

corneal abrasion

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35
Q

Hemorrhage from blow to eye or penetration of eye

A

hyphema

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36
Q

Intraocular pressure of eye is increased, which can cause atrophy of optic disk and ultimately blindness

A

glaucoma

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37
Q

Treatment for color deficiency

A

tinted contact lenses and glasses

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38
Q

Can occur from any household agents such as bleach, ammonia, toilet cleaners, oven cleaners, etc.

A

chemical splashing of eye

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39
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergens or infections

A

conjunctivitis

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40
Q

Adequate hearing is essential for the development of __________

A

speech

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41
Q

Unequal curvature of the cornea or the lens causing light rays to bend in different directions

A

astigmatism

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42
Q

In glaucoma, an iris that is larger than _____ mm in an infant should be evaluated further

A

10.55

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43
Q

Type of hearing loss in which the outer or middle ear is affected by damage, inflammation, or obstruction

A

conductive hearing loss

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44
Q

Manifestations include excessive tearing, light sensitivity, muscle spasms, and enlargement of globe

A

glaucoma

45
Q

secondary glaucoma

A

occurs after 3 years

46
Q

Ability to see distant objects more clearly than those close up; caused by the image focusing beyond the retina

A

hyperopia (farsightedness)

47
Q

Causes of this type of hearing loss include infection, ototoxic medications, head injury, trauma, and noise exposure

A

acquired hearing loss

48
Q

In the treatment of conjunctivitis, steroids can exacerbate _____________ (use cautiously).

A

glaucoma

49
Q

Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis

A

oral or eye drop antihistamines (only for severe and shortest time possible)

50
Q

Treatment for infectious conjunctivitis

A

antibiotic eye drops

51
Q

May be caused by neuromuscular or structural abnormalities of nose, mouth, or throat

A

articulation disorder

52
Q

Manifestations include severe eyelid edema, erythema, and anteriorly displaced eye

A

orbital cellulitis

53
Q

Number one way to encourage neurologic, language, and speech development

A

reading

54
Q

Red areas beneath the conjunctiva

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

55
Q

When does vocalization begin?

A

Birth to 4 months (cooing)

56
Q

Can also result from extended contact lens wear and surgery

A

corneal ulcer

57
Q

Treatment for refractive errors

A

corrective lenses

58
Q

Sounds, while purposeful, have no direct meaning

A

prelingual language

59
Q

Treatment for orbital cellulitis

A

aggressive IV antibiotics

60
Q

Treatment for strabismus includes __________________, ______________, _______________, and _____________.

A

special corrective lenses, vision therapy, surgery, drug therapy

61
Q

Treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis

A

systemic antibiotics

62
Q

Ability to see close objects more clearly than those at a distance; caused by image focusing in front of the retina

A

myopia (nearsightedness)

63
Q

X-linked disorder that interferes with ability to discriminate between certain color groups

A

color deficiency (color blindness)

64
Q

Remove _______________ around the eye before administering eye drops

A

crusted material

65
Q

When do eyes begin to develop in utero?

A

22 days

66
Q

Visual disturbance occurs from alterations in the path of light through the eye

A

refractive errors

67
Q

Do not remove patch for corneal abrasion for _________ and do not allow child to ______ the eye

A

24 hours, rub

68
Q

If the lacrimal duct remains blocked after _____ of age, ______________ may be needed.

A

1 year, surgical opening

69
Q

Alteration in pitch and intonation resulting from a medical condition such as cleft palate

A

disorder of the voice

70
Q

Discard used ___________ and _____________ after infection with conjunctivitis.

A

contact lenses, eye makeup

71
Q

Characterized by excessive tearing of eye and crusting along eyelid upon waking up

A

blocked lacrimal duct

72
Q

Child cannot express thought through speech

A

expressive disorder

73
Q

May be seen in nonaccidental injuries such as shaken baby syndrome

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

74
Q

Condition in which eyes are not aligned due to lack of ocular muscle coordination

A

strabismus

75
Q

The fetus can hear ____________ and ______________.

A

voices, mother’s heartbeat

76
Q

Underlying cause of amblyopia should be identified and treated before child turns _____________.

A

4 years old

77
Q

Vision screening at 3 years and older involves ______________, ______________, and _________________.

A

HOTV cards, Lea Symbols, Tumbling E

78
Q

Symptoms include scratching, burning, and light sensitivity. Signs include edema, redness, and discharge from eye.

A

conjunctivitis

79
Q

Child’s head should be kept as still as possible

A

hyphema

80
Q

primary glaucoma

A

occurs before 3 years

81
Q

When is the critical period of ear development?

A

4-6 weeks of gestation

82
Q

Avoid eye straining activities such as coloring, drawing, and reading

A

hyphema

83
Q

Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage to the conduction system between the auditory nervous system and the cerebral cortex

A

central hearing loss

84
Q

Two treatments of amblyopia

A

Patching of good eye to force use of affected eye; corrective lenses

85
Q

A serious form of eye infection that can cause systemic infections if not treated promptly; commonly associated with recent sinus infections

A

orbital cellulitis

86
Q

When does expressive language begin to develop?

A

First year of life

87
Q

Surgical removal of opaque lens has best patient outcomes when performed within _________ of age or as soon as diagnosed.

A

8 weeks

88
Q

Treatment for chemical splashing involves prompt irrigation with _________ or _________ to prevent further injury to eye. _____________ can be used to prevent pain.

A

water, saline, pre-irrigation anesthesia (numbing eye drops)

89
Q

Vision screening at birth involves assessing for ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________.

A

structural abnormalities, red reflex, ability to fixate

90
Q

Manifestations include pain, tearing, purulent drainage, and blurred vision

A

corneal ulcer

91
Q

Is a normal variation that should not persist past 3 months of age

A

strabismus

92
Q

Orbital cellulitis may progress to _________________

A

meningitis

93
Q

Medication management for glaucoma includes _____________ and _____________.

A

Cholinergic agents, beta blockers

94
Q

Another term for conjunctivitis

A

pink eye

95
Q

Children with a cochlear implant should be vaccinated against ____________________ due to high risk of contracting it.

A

pneumococcal meningitis

96
Q

An interruption in the flow of normal speech, including stuttering and lisping

A

fluency disorder

97
Q

If an infant does not pass an initial newborn hearing screening after ____ tries, he or she is referred to a(n) __________________ for more in depth and accurate screening

A

2, audiologist

98
Q

Child has decreased ability to comprehend language

A

receptive disorder

99
Q

opacity of lens

A

cataract

100
Q

Diagnosis of corneal abrasion is made by administering __________________ and visualizing it under ____________

A

fluorescein eye drop, Wood lamp

101
Q

Impairs depth perception

A

amblyopia

102
Q

Routine testing for color deficiency is performed in _____________ using a ________________________.

A

preschool boys, color confusion test

103
Q

Often result of infections caused by trauma to eye

A

corneal ulcer

104
Q

Soak a cotton ball in ______ water and wipe from the _________________. A ____ cotton ball should be used for each pass and each eye.

A

warm, inner corner outward, new

105
Q

When is the critical period of eye development?

A

days 22-50 of gestation

106
Q

Language is prelingual until ________ of age, when first words appear.

A

10-12 months

107
Q

Understanding of words

A

Receptive language

108
Q

Most commonly, refractive errors result from ___________________.

A

an abnormally shaped orb

109
Q

Head CT, blood and eye cultures, and lab work directs treatment

A

orbital cellulitis

Pediatric Nursing Care (17 decks)

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