Chapter 55: The Child with a Sensory Alteration Flashcards
1
Q
Risk of rebleed with hyphema is highest in first _______ days
A
5
2
Q
Ability to produce words
A
Expressive language
3
Q
Refractive error that can occur after cataract removal
A
hyperopia
4
Q
White or clear drainage from lacrimal duct
A
Expected drainage
5
Q
If left untreated, corneal ulcers can result in ________________ and ___________
A
corneal scarring, blindness
6
Q
Often the result of Valsalva maneuvers (vomiting, straining, coughing)
A
subconjunctival hemorrhage
7
Q
Total vocabulary is around 50 words at this age
A
2 years
8
Q
Newborns can pick up on ________ and ___________ more easily than words
A
tones, pitch
9
Q
Treatment for corneal abrasion
A
antibiotic eye drops
patching for larger ones
10
Q
Green or yellow drainage from lacrimal duct
A
Indicates infection; antibiotic eye drops should be prescribed
11
Q
When do ears begin to develop in utero?
A
During 3rd week
12
Q
Surgery to correct strabismus should ideally be performed before age _______
A
2 years
13
Q
When is the fetus capable of hearing?
A
during the 2nd trimester
14
Q
Type of hearing loss with a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
A
mixed hearing loss
15
Q
An alteration in the way words are pronounced that may be linked to neuromuscular or structural abnormality
A
articulation disorder
16
Q
Children with conjunctivitis should be kept home for ___________ after antibiotics have been started
A
24 hours
17
Q
Treatment for pain associated with orbital cellulitis
A
analgesics
applying heat up to 4 times a day
18
Q
Resolves on own within 2-3 weeks
A
subconjunctival hemorrhage
19
Q
Put on bed rest with head of bed elevated 30-40 degrees
A
hyphema
20
Q
Causes of conjunctivitis in infants include _______________ and ________________.
A
maternal infections
reaction to prophylactic eye medications
21
Q
Another term for amblyopia
A
lazy eye
22
Q
Often, a blocked lacrimal duct is easily cleared up by _______________
A
gentle massaging
23
Q
If stuttering persists beyond age ___, the child should be referred for speech evaluation
A
5
24
Q
Three ways to avoid increasing intraocular pressure
A
Elevate head of bed
Do not put affected eye in dependent position
Reduce vomiting, coughing, straining
25
The child can speak in simple sentences of 1-2 words at this age
18 months
26
Most common cause of conjunctivitis infection during infancy
chlamydia
27
Newborn hearing screenings only identify _________ hearing loss.
moderate to severe
28
When does babbling begin?
4-6 months
29
Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage or malformation of the inner ear
sensorineural hearing loss
30
During development, eyes and ears are sensitive to ____________.
teratogens
31
Intraocular pressure measurement best done under _______ sedation because _______ sedation will alter readings.
light, deep
32
___________ is advised as soon as possible after a glaucoma diagnosis is made.
Surgery
33
Most common type of speech defect
articulation disorder
34
Scraping or tearing of the cornea by foreign bodies, contact lenses, paper, or fingernails
corneal abrasion
35
Hemorrhage from blow to eye or penetration of eye
hyphema
36
Intraocular pressure of eye is increased, which can cause atrophy of optic disk and ultimately blindness
glaucoma
37
Treatment for color deficiency
tinted contact lenses and glasses
38
Can occur from any household agents such as bleach, ammonia, toilet cleaners, oven cleaners, etc.
chemical splashing of eye
39
Inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergens or infections
conjunctivitis
40
Adequate hearing is essential for the development of __________
speech
41
Unequal curvature of the cornea or the lens causing light rays to bend in different directions
astigmatism
42
In glaucoma, an iris that is larger than _____ mm in an infant should be evaluated further
10.55
43
Type of hearing loss in which the outer or middle ear is affected by damage, inflammation, or obstruction
conductive hearing loss
44
Manifestations include excessive tearing, light sensitivity, muscle spasms, and enlargement of globe
glaucoma
45
secondary glaucoma
occurs after 3 years
46
Ability to see distant objects more clearly than those close up; caused by the image focusing beyond the retina
hyperopia (farsightedness)
47
Causes of this type of hearing loss include infection, ototoxic medications, head injury, trauma, and noise exposure
acquired hearing loss
48
In the treatment of conjunctivitis, steroids can exacerbate _____________ (use cautiously).
glaucoma
49
Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis
oral or eye drop antihistamines (only for severe and shortest time possible)
50
Treatment for infectious conjunctivitis
antibiotic eye drops
51
May be caused by neuromuscular or structural abnormalities of nose, mouth, or throat
articulation disorder
52
Manifestations include severe eyelid edema, erythema, and anteriorly displaced eye
orbital cellulitis
53
Number one way to encourage neurologic, language, and speech development
reading
54
Red areas beneath the conjunctiva
subconjunctival hemorrhage
55
When does vocalization begin?
Birth to 4 months (cooing)
56
Can also result from extended contact lens wear and surgery
corneal ulcer
57
Treatment for refractive errors
corrective lenses
58
Sounds, while purposeful, have no direct meaning
prelingual language
59
Treatment for orbital cellulitis
aggressive IV antibiotics
60
Treatment for strabismus includes __________________, ______________, _______________, and _____________.
special corrective lenses, vision therapy, surgery, drug therapy
61
Treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis
systemic antibiotics
62
Ability to see close objects more clearly than those at a distance; caused by image focusing in front of the retina
myopia (nearsightedness)
63
X-linked disorder that interferes with ability to discriminate between certain color groups
color deficiency (color blindness)
64
Remove _______________ around the eye before administering eye drops
crusted material
65
When do eyes begin to develop in utero?
22 days
66
Visual disturbance occurs from alterations in the path of light through the eye
refractive errors
67
Do not remove patch for corneal abrasion for _________ and do not allow child to ______ the eye
24 hours, rub
68
If the lacrimal duct remains blocked after _____ of age, ______________ may be needed.
1 year, surgical opening
69
Alteration in pitch and intonation resulting from a medical condition such as cleft palate
disorder of the voice
70
Discard used ___________ and _____________ after infection with conjunctivitis.
contact lenses, eye makeup
71
Characterized by excessive tearing of eye and crusting along eyelid upon waking up
blocked lacrimal duct
72
Child cannot express thought through speech
expressive disorder
73
May be seen in nonaccidental injuries such as shaken baby syndrome
subconjunctival hemorrhage
74
Condition in which eyes are not aligned due to lack of ocular muscle coordination
strabismus
75
The fetus can hear ____________ and ______________.
voices, mother's heartbeat
76
Underlying cause of amblyopia should be identified and treated before child turns _____________.
4 years old
77
Vision screening at 3 years and older involves ______________, ______________, and _________________.
HOTV cards, Lea Symbols, Tumbling E
78
Symptoms include scratching, burning, and light sensitivity. Signs include edema, redness, and discharge from eye.
conjunctivitis
79
Child's head should be kept as still as possible
hyphema
80
primary glaucoma
occurs before 3 years
81
When is the critical period of ear development?
4-6 weeks of gestation
82
Avoid eye straining activities such as coloring, drawing, and reading
hyphema
83
Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage to the conduction system between the auditory nervous system and the cerebral cortex
central hearing loss
84
Two treatments of amblyopia
Patching of good eye to force use of affected eye; corrective lenses
85
A serious form of eye infection that can cause systemic infections if not treated promptly; commonly associated with recent sinus infections
orbital cellulitis
86
When does expressive language begin to develop?
First year of life
87
Surgical removal of opaque lens has best patient outcomes when performed within _________ of age or as soon as diagnosed.
8 weeks
88
Treatment for chemical splashing involves prompt irrigation with _________ or _________ to prevent further injury to eye. _____________ can be used to prevent pain.
water, saline, pre-irrigation anesthesia (numbing eye drops)
89
Vision screening at birth involves assessing for ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________.
structural abnormalities, red reflex, ability to fixate
90
Manifestations include pain, tearing, purulent drainage, and blurred vision
corneal ulcer
91
Is a normal variation that should not persist past 3 months of age
strabismus
92
Orbital cellulitis may progress to _________________
meningitis
93
Medication management for glaucoma includes _____________ and _____________.
Cholinergic agents, beta blockers
94
Another term for conjunctivitis
pink eye
95
Children with a cochlear implant should be vaccinated against ____________________ due to high risk of contracting it.
pneumococcal meningitis
96
An interruption in the flow of normal speech, including stuttering and lisping
fluency disorder
97
If an infant does not pass an initial newborn hearing screening after ____ tries, he or she is referred to a(n) __________________ for more in depth and accurate screening
2, audiologist
98
Child has decreased ability to comprehend language
receptive disorder
99
opacity of lens
cataract
100
Diagnosis of corneal abrasion is made by administering __________________ and visualizing it under ____________
fluorescein eye drop, Wood lamp
101
Impairs depth perception
amblyopia
102
Routine testing for color deficiency is performed in _____________ using a ________________________.
preschool boys, color confusion test
103
Often result of infections caused by trauma to eye
corneal ulcer
104
Soak a cotton ball in ______ water and wipe from the _________________. A ____ cotton ball should be used for each pass and each eye.
warm, inner corner outward, new
105
When is the critical period of eye development?
days 22-50 of gestation
106
Language is prelingual until ________ of age, when first words appear.
10-12 months
107
Understanding of words
Receptive language
108
Most commonly, refractive errors result from ___________________.
an abnormally shaped orb
109
Head CT, blood and eye cultures, and lab work directs treatment
orbital cellulitis
