Chapter 55: The Child with a Sensory Alteration Flashcards
Risk of rebleed with hyphema is highest in first _______ days
5
Ability to produce words
Expressive language
Refractive error that can occur after cataract removal
hyperopia
White or clear drainage from lacrimal duct
Expected drainage
If left untreated, corneal ulcers can result in ________________ and ___________
corneal scarring, blindness
Often the result of Valsalva maneuvers (vomiting, straining, coughing)
subconjunctival hemorrhage
Total vocabulary is around 50 words at this age
2 years
Newborns can pick up on ________ and ___________ more easily than words
tones, pitch
Treatment for corneal abrasion
antibiotic eye drops
patching for larger ones
Green or yellow drainage from lacrimal duct
Indicates infection; antibiotic eye drops should be prescribed
When do ears begin to develop in utero?
During 3rd week
Surgery to correct strabismus should ideally be performed before age _______
2 years
When is the fetus capable of hearing?
during the 2nd trimester
Type of hearing loss with a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
mixed hearing loss
An alteration in the way words are pronounced that may be linked to neuromuscular or structural abnormality
articulation disorder
Children with conjunctivitis should be kept home for ___________ after antibiotics have been started
24 hours
Treatment for pain associated with orbital cellulitis
analgesics
applying heat up to 4 times a day
Resolves on own within 2-3 weeks
subconjunctival hemorrhage
Put on bed rest with head of bed elevated 30-40 degrees
hyphema
Causes of conjunctivitis in infants include _______________ and ________________.
maternal infections
reaction to prophylactic eye medications
Another term for amblyopia
lazy eye
Often, a blocked lacrimal duct is easily cleared up by _______________
gentle massaging
If stuttering persists beyond age ___, the child should be referred for speech evaluation
5
Three ways to avoid increasing intraocular pressure
Elevate head of bed
Do not put affected eye in dependent position
Reduce vomiting, coughing, straining
The child can speak in simple sentences of 1-2 words at this age
18 months
Most common cause of conjunctivitis infection during infancy
chlamydia
Newborn hearing screenings only identify _________ hearing loss.
moderate to severe
When does babbling begin?
4-6 months
Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage or malformation of the inner ear
sensorineural hearing loss
During development, eyes and ears are sensitive to ____________.
teratogens
Intraocular pressure measurement best done under _______ sedation because _______ sedation will alter readings.
light, deep
___________ is advised as soon as possible after a glaucoma diagnosis is made.
Surgery
Most common type of speech defect
articulation disorder
Scraping or tearing of the cornea by foreign bodies, contact lenses, paper, or fingernails
corneal abrasion
Hemorrhage from blow to eye or penetration of eye
hyphema
Intraocular pressure of eye is increased, which can cause atrophy of optic disk and ultimately blindness
glaucoma
Treatment for color deficiency
tinted contact lenses and glasses
Can occur from any household agents such as bleach, ammonia, toilet cleaners, oven cleaners, etc.
chemical splashing of eye
Inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergens or infections
conjunctivitis
Adequate hearing is essential for the development of __________
speech
Unequal curvature of the cornea or the lens causing light rays to bend in different directions
astigmatism
In glaucoma, an iris that is larger than _____ mm in an infant should be evaluated further
10.55
Type of hearing loss in which the outer or middle ear is affected by damage, inflammation, or obstruction
conductive hearing loss
Manifestations include excessive tearing, light sensitivity, muscle spasms, and enlargement of globe
glaucoma
secondary glaucoma
occurs after 3 years
Ability to see distant objects more clearly than those close up; caused by the image focusing beyond the retina
hyperopia (farsightedness)
Causes of this type of hearing loss include infection, ototoxic medications, head injury, trauma, and noise exposure
acquired hearing loss
In the treatment of conjunctivitis, steroids can exacerbate _____________ (use cautiously).
glaucoma
Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis
oral or eye drop antihistamines (only for severe and shortest time possible)
Treatment for infectious conjunctivitis
antibiotic eye drops
May be caused by neuromuscular or structural abnormalities of nose, mouth, or throat
articulation disorder
Manifestations include severe eyelid edema, erythema, and anteriorly displaced eye
orbital cellulitis
Number one way to encourage neurologic, language, and speech development
reading
Red areas beneath the conjunctiva
subconjunctival hemorrhage
When does vocalization begin?
Birth to 4 months (cooing)
Can also result from extended contact lens wear and surgery
corneal ulcer
Treatment for refractive errors
corrective lenses
Sounds, while purposeful, have no direct meaning
prelingual language
Treatment for orbital cellulitis
aggressive IV antibiotics
Treatment for strabismus includes __________________, ______________, _______________, and _____________.
special corrective lenses, vision therapy, surgery, drug therapy
Treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis
systemic antibiotics
Ability to see close objects more clearly than those at a distance; caused by image focusing in front of the retina
myopia (nearsightedness)
X-linked disorder that interferes with ability to discriminate between certain color groups
color deficiency (color blindness)
Remove _______________ around the eye before administering eye drops
crusted material
When do eyes begin to develop in utero?
22 days
Visual disturbance occurs from alterations in the path of light through the eye
refractive errors
Do not remove patch for corneal abrasion for _________ and do not allow child to ______ the eye
24 hours, rub
If the lacrimal duct remains blocked after _____ of age, ______________ may be needed.
1 year, surgical opening
Alteration in pitch and intonation resulting from a medical condition such as cleft palate
disorder of the voice
Discard used ___________ and _____________ after infection with conjunctivitis.
contact lenses, eye makeup
Characterized by excessive tearing of eye and crusting along eyelid upon waking up
blocked lacrimal duct
Child cannot express thought through speech
expressive disorder
May be seen in nonaccidental injuries such as shaken baby syndrome
subconjunctival hemorrhage
Condition in which eyes are not aligned due to lack of ocular muscle coordination
strabismus
The fetus can hear ____________ and ______________.
voices, mother’s heartbeat
Underlying cause of amblyopia should be identified and treated before child turns _____________.
4 years old
Vision screening at 3 years and older involves ______________, ______________, and _________________.
HOTV cards, Lea Symbols, Tumbling E
Symptoms include scratching, burning, and light sensitivity. Signs include edema, redness, and discharge from eye.
conjunctivitis
Child’s head should be kept as still as possible
hyphema
primary glaucoma
occurs before 3 years
When is the critical period of ear development?
4-6 weeks of gestation
Avoid eye straining activities such as coloring, drawing, and reading
hyphema
Type of hearing loss which is the result of damage to the conduction system between the auditory nervous system and the cerebral cortex
central hearing loss
Two treatments of amblyopia
Patching of good eye to force use of affected eye; corrective lenses
A serious form of eye infection that can cause systemic infections if not treated promptly; commonly associated with recent sinus infections
orbital cellulitis
When does expressive language begin to develop?
First year of life
Surgical removal of opaque lens has best patient outcomes when performed within _________ of age or as soon as diagnosed.
8 weeks
Treatment for chemical splashing involves prompt irrigation with _________ or _________ to prevent further injury to eye. _____________ can be used to prevent pain.
water, saline, pre-irrigation anesthesia (numbing eye drops)
Vision screening at birth involves assessing for ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________.
structural abnormalities, red reflex, ability to fixate
Manifestations include pain, tearing, purulent drainage, and blurred vision
corneal ulcer
Is a normal variation that should not persist past 3 months of age
strabismus
Orbital cellulitis may progress to _________________
meningitis
Medication management for glaucoma includes _____________ and _____________.
Cholinergic agents, beta blockers
Another term for conjunctivitis
pink eye
Children with a cochlear implant should be vaccinated against ____________________ due to high risk of contracting it.
pneumococcal meningitis
An interruption in the flow of normal speech, including stuttering and lisping
fluency disorder
If an infant does not pass an initial newborn hearing screening after ____ tries, he or she is referred to a(n) __________________ for more in depth and accurate screening
2, audiologist
Child has decreased ability to comprehend language
receptive disorder
opacity of lens
cataract
Diagnosis of corneal abrasion is made by administering __________________ and visualizing it under ____________
fluorescein eye drop, Wood lamp
Impairs depth perception
amblyopia
Routine testing for color deficiency is performed in _____________ using a ________________________.
preschool boys, color confusion test
Often result of infections caused by trauma to eye
corneal ulcer
Soak a cotton ball in ______ water and wipe from the _________________. A ____ cotton ball should be used for each pass and each eye.
warm, inner corner outward, new
When is the critical period of eye development?
days 22-50 of gestation
Language is prelingual until ________ of age, when first words appear.
10-12 months
Understanding of words
Receptive language
Most commonly, refractive errors result from ___________________.
an abnormally shaped orb
Head CT, blood and eye cultures, and lab work directs treatment
orbital cellulitis
