Chapter 42: The Child with an Immunologic Alteration Flashcards
Why does HIV have a more rapid disease progression in infants than teenagers?
Infants have naturally decreased or immature immune systems to begin with.
Diagnosis of HIV in children uses the tests __________ and ___________.
HIV DNA PCR
HIV RNA Assay
_____________________ disorders occur when the body’s immune system can no longer differentiate its own cells from antigens.
Autoimmune
Treatment goal of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
prevent organ damage
____________ infants have longer immunity
Breastfed
Sneezing; tightness, tingling of mouth or face with subsequent swelling of lips and tongue; severe flushing, urticaria, and itching (especially head and upper trunk); rapid development of erythema; and a sense of impending doom are manifestations of _____________.
initial anaphylaxis
The newborn receives __________ by placental transfer, which disappears by _____________
IgG, 6-8 weeks
Classic sign of SLE
butterfly rash
The spleen reaches its full size at _________________
adulthood
___________ help build the immune system
Vaccines
When is oral ZDV given to infants
within first 6-12 hours after birth until 6 weeks old or positive HIV diagnosis
What is required for HIV to be considered negative in children?
2 negatives on 2 different occasions at 1 month and 4 months
Lymphoid tissue (increases, decreases) in males during __________ and ____________
increases, infancy, childhood
Treatment given to the mother during labor for HIV-exposed infants
IV ARV
Diagnosis for SLE involves this test
positive ANA assay
Type II hypersensitivity also known as
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
An acquired cell-mediated immunodeficiency disorder that is chronic and causes a widespread spectrum of illnesses in children
HIV
Why is CD4 direct count not monitored in children?
CD4 count can vary greatly based on age
Allergic rhinitis, acute anaphylaxis, hives, eczema, and asthma are examples of __________ hypersensitivity
Type I (immediate, anaphylactic)
Most likely method of HIV transmission in adolescents
sexual transmission or illegal drug use (due to high risk behaviors)
Type III hypersensitivity also known as
arthrus hypersensitivity (immune complex)