Chapter 41: The Child with an Infectious Disease Flashcards
Contagious period of rubella
7 days before to 14 days after rash appears
Transmission via vectors
tick, mosquito, mite, animal
Infants born with congenital rubella have ____________________ and a high risk of __________ within the first year of life.
failure to thrive, mortality
Primarily affects salivary glands
mumps
Most often result of antibiotic use that has disrupted natural flora of GI system
CDiff
Characterized by painful, inflamed lesions that may cause refusal of PO intake and mild fever
hand foot and mouth disease
What is prescribed to help numb the mouth lesions of hand foot and mouth disease?
magic mouthwash
Characterized by sandpaper-like, red rash; peeling on hands; swollen, red tongue
Scarlett fever
How long does the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis last?
2-4 weeks
Treatment for mild CDiff
7-10 days of metronidazole
Erythema infectiosum is also known as
slap cheek
Fifth disease
Transmission via respiratory tract
sneezing, coughing, talking
Avoid strenuous activity and contact sports in acute phase
infectious mononucleosis
Transmitted through breastmilk, blood transfusions, and organ donation
cytomegalovirus
The viral class that includes hand foot and mouth disease
enterovirus
Transmission via sexual activity
STDs
A __________________________ can prevent an STD, but ____________________ does not.
barrier contraceptive method, hormonal birth control
Inflammation of testes
orchitis
Most commonly acquired in utero or shortly after birth
cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of ________________ and _________________ in children
hearing loss, intellectual disability
How long can erythema infectiosum infection last?
2-38 days
cough can last for months and wear patient out; posttussive emesis is possible
pertussis
Infants with CDiff are at risk for what
serious bacterial infections, such as bacterial meningitis
Asymptomatic or vague symptoms including headache, runny nose, malaise, and fever
erythema infectiosum
Characterized by a bright red facial rash that is usually followed by a maculopapular rash with a lacy appearance
erythema infectiosum
Transmission via fecal matter
poor personal hygiene
Maternal infection in first 12 weeks of pregnancy can cause this infection in infants
congenital rubella
Caused by a Group A strep
Scarlett fever
Common in NICU babies
cytomegalovirus
Secondary infections of ______ include otitis media, pneumonia, croup, myocarditis, pericarditis, and encephalitis (rare).
measles
Treatment for severe CDiff
vancomycin
______________ may be used for enlarged tonsils when treating infectious mononucleosis.
Steroids
Inpatient precautions for measles
airborne precautions
Virus that causes infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus
Can be transmitted to neonate from mother during birth
STDs
Also known as whooping cough
pertussis
An example of a secondary infection of varicella
impetigo
incubation period of measles
8-12 days
Varicella virus becomes ___________ after initial infection and can cause ____________ later in life.
dormant, shingles
How long do the lesions of varicella occur over?
3-4 days
When do Koplik spots appear?
1-4 days before rash
Asymptomatic or vague symptoms including fever, chills, body aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, runny nose, and headache
rubella
Symptoms include fever, malaise, pharyngitis, enlarged lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly
infectious mononucleosis
How long do respiratory symptoms appear for in measles?
10 days
These have the highest occurrence in adolescence
STDs
Three Cs of measles
coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
The antiviral ____________ can help reduce mortality and complications in treating cytomegalovirus
ganciclovir
Three stages of pertussis
catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent
Infants under ___________ are most likely admitted for pertussis due to risk for respiratory complications
6 months
Contagious period of erythema infectiosum
5-12 days before rash appears
period of active infection of measles
3-5 days before rash to 4-6 days after rash
Treatment for Scarlett fever
10-day course of antibiotics
Characterized by pustular vesicles in various stages of healing which dry and crust over
varicella
Transmission via blood contamination
blood products, contaminated needles
Common causative agent in hospital-associated infections
MRSA
Treatment for MRSA
strong antimicrobial (vancomycin)
Characterized by a sudden high fever (103 or more) that last 3-5 days and followed by a rose pink macopapular rash
roseola
Mild form of measles
rubella
The people the child has been in contact with should also be treated
pertussis
Disease characterized by deep red, macular rash that starts on face and neck then spreads down trunk to feet
measles
Another name for varicella
chicken pox
Contagious period of varicella
1-2 days before lesions appear until lesions dry up
Treatment of pertussis
antibiotics during catarrhal stage (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
