Chapter 45: The Child with a Respiratory Alteration (Part 2- Lower Airway) Flashcards
four diagnostic methods that can be used to visualize the foreign body that has been aspirated
CT, MRI, chest X-ray, fluoroscopy
this treatment can help decrease asthma symptoms if a specific allergen is identified and it cannot be avoided
immunotherapy (allergy shots)
this percentage of male patients with cystic fibrosis are sterile
95%
four types of drug therapy used to reduce pulmonary edema and lessen airway resistance in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
diuretics
bronchodilators
theophylline
caffeine
characterized by abnormal secretions of thick, tenacious mucus and obstruction and dysfunction of the pancreas, lungs, salivary glands, sweat glands, and reproductive organs
cystic fibrosis
manifestations start with upper respiratory symptoms, such as nasal drainage, sneezing, low grade fever, and decreased PO intake followed by manifestations of respiratory distress (tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles or rhonchi, retractions, cyanosis)
bronchiolitis/RSV
inherited multisystem disorder characterized by widespread dysfunction of exocrine glands
cystic fibrosis
most common agent that causes acute bronchitis
rhinovirus
if a patient is using SABA _____________ times a week, the patient should be evaluated for need for __________________.
multiple, long-acting medications
onset of asthma is typically at this age
before age 6 years
severe diffuse lung injury involving breakdown in the alveolar-capillary barrier; precipitated by a variety of illnesses
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
encourage patients with asthma to take a short-acting inhaler _____________ before exercise to reduce symptoms
30 minutes
in asthma patients, chest X-rays show this
normal
diet for cystic fibrosis should be high _________ and high ___________ with replacements of ________________.
calorie, protein, fat-soluble vitamins
when treating bronchitis, antibiotics are reserved for this type
bacterial confirmed with a culture
mild bronchiolitis can be treated by utilizing _______, _________, and a bedside ______________.
rest, fluids, cool-mist humidifier
diagnosis of bronchiolitis/RSV is based off of ___________ and __________ but may include _____ studies or ____________
history, physical, viral, chest X-ray
if the weather is hot or if the child with cystic fibrosis participates in vigorous exercise, this should be added to foods
extra salt
manifestations include a sudden, violent cough; gagging; wheezing; vomiting; brief apnea; possible cyanosis
foreign body aspiration
reversible obstructive airway disease characterized by increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, bronchospasm resulting from constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and inflammation and edema of the mucous membranes that line the small airways and the subsequent accumulation of thick secretions in the airways
asthma
After the foreign body is removed, oral fluids should be restarted (fast, slowly) and increased as the child tolerates
slowly
diagnosis of apnea can be made for shorter periods of time when accompanied by these two conditions
bradycardia, cyanosis
these do not cause asthma episodes but can exacerbate symptoms of existing asthma attack
emotions
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that occurs after lung injuries related to supplemental oxygen use and mechanical ventilation as an infant
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
worsening manifestations include choking, dysphagia, hoarseness, stridor, coughing, wheezing, decreased breath sounds, respiratory arrest
foreign body aspiration
Parents of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia should be taught about _____________ and any supplemental _____________ and ________________ care needed
infection prevention, oxygen, tracheostomy
As cystic fibrosis progresses, patients have an increased risk of developing these two conditions
liver disease
diabetes mellitus
sudden onset of apnea, color change, heart rate change, alteration in muscle tone, or altered level of responsiveness in an otherwise healthy infant
brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE)
most foreign bodies become lodged in the (left, right) bronchi and can be removed mechanically
right
this is often the first sign of cystic fibrosis
lack of meconium ileus
should only be used for acute episodes and not to manage or prevent asthma
SABAs
manifestations include tachypnea, tachycardia, increased work of breathing, retractions, prolonged exhales, use of accessory muscles, pallor, activity tolerance (feeding difficulties), poor weight gain or weight loss
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
50% cases of bronchiolitis are caused by this
RSV
if an object is _____________, it may not appear on a chest X-ray
nonmetallic
Emergency asthma treatment of an acute episode includes use of __________, inhaled _______________, humidified ___________, IV _________, and an oral or IV ______________.
SABA, anticholinergic, oxygen, fluids, corticosteroid
characterized by a dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, and varying degrees of respiratory distress
asthma exacerbation
after the initial aspiration, the child can return to normal for _________ or __________
hours, weeks