Chapter 45: The Child with a Respiratory Alteration (Part 1- Upper Airway) Flashcards
Croup patients with these four symptoms should be taken to the emergency room immediately
stridor at rest
cyanosis
retractions
inability to take PO fluids
pink, sandpaper rash on trunk indicates this
scarlet fever
peritonsillar abscess has a higher risk for ____________________ and _________________
airway obstruction, dehydration
most common cause of neonatal stridor
laryngomalacia
two drugs of choice to treat sinusitis
amoxicillin
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: abrupt onset (may be gradual in children younger than 2 years)
bacterial
four cardinal signs of epiglottitis
drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia, distressed respiratory efforts
When treating sinusitis, _____________ can be used to treat allergic rhinitis but tend to _____________ secretions and impair ______________.
antihistamines, thicken, sinus drainage
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: fever usually high (39.4 to 40 degrees C)
bacterial
Care for pharyngitis/tonsillitis includes ____________, gargling _______________, ________ and ________ foods and liquids, and _______________ applied to the neck.
antipyretics, warm salt water, cool, bland, warm compress
treatment for bacterial pharyngitis includes these antibiotics of ______ doses orally daily over a course of ______ days
penicillins, 2-3, 10
The tonsillectomy patient is most at risk for postoperative hemorrhage in these two time periods after surgery
first 24 hours
days 7-10
these two openings in the fetal heart must close shortly after birth to establish effective pulmonary and circulatory systems
foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
After a tonsillectomy, avoid the use of ___________________ unless absolutely necessary, when they should be __________.
tongue depressors, sterile
pharyngitis/tonsillitis peaks between the ages of _________
4-7 years
to help relieve mucus buildup in nares, teach parents how to use these
saline drops and bulb syringe for suction
ideal treatment for allergic rhinitis
remove the allergen
In the postoperative period after a tonsillectomy, the child should be placed in a _________ or _____________ position to facilitate drainage
prone, side-lying
infants <6 months are obligatory ________ breathers
nose
these children will always test positive for strep throat even if there is not an active infection
carriers/colonized
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: usually low grade fever but may be high
viral
a child with croup should be monitored in the emergency room for about ________ in case of ______________.
3 hours, rebound stridor
surfactant starts to be produced at this point in pregnancy
mid pregnancy
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: manifestations include abdominal pain, headache, vomiting
bacterial
In a child with croup, __________ can aggravate symptoms and make respiratory distress worse
crying
rapid strep antigen tests have a false negative rate of this
20%
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: sometimes accompanied with a pink, sandpaper rash on trunk
bacterial
For treating croup, a single dose of this drug is also indicated to reduce airway inflammation and reduce necessity for hospitalization
dexamethasone
_____________ occur more likely in pediatrics with respiratory distress
retractions
crease across the bridge of the nose from wiping the nose upward with the palm of the hand
allergic salute
viral or bacterial pharyngitis: usually lasts 3-5 days
bacterial
untreated strep throat increases the risk of developing this inflammatory heart condition
rheumatic fever
sudden onset of harsh, metallic, barky cough; sore throat; inspiratory stridor; hoarseness
croup
Parents of children with laryngomalacia should be educated about signs of ________________ and ___________________, which can make symptoms worse.
respiratory distress, respiratory infections
epiglottitis is typically caused by this pathogen
H. influenza
allergic rhinitis onset is _________________ but rarely occurs before the age of _____
during childhood, 2 years
eustachian tubes are relatively _______________ and ____________ in pediatric patients
horizontal, shorter
the average age of occurrence of epiglottitis
3-7 years
incidences of epiglottitis decreased substantially since the introduction of this vaccine
Hib
pulmonary function tests can sometimes be difficult on young children for this reason
inability to follow commands