Chapter 54: The Child with an Intellectual Disability or Developmental Disability Flashcards
Child has a period of normal growth and development, but it stops between 6-18 months
Rett Syndrome
Quality ______________ can greatly reduce chances of infant being born with an impairment
prenatal care
These patients are known for having cardiac defects, vision and hearing disabilities, increased risk of childhood leukemia, premature aging, and increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer’s.
Down syndrome
Children whose weight or rate of weight gain is below that of comparably aged children
Failure to Thrive
Down syndrome is also known as
Trisomy 21
X-linked disorder where the male child has full effects, and females are typically carriers (when females get the syndrome, only have mild symptoms)
Fragile X Syndrome
Manifestations include stereotyped hand movements, gait problems, loss of fine motor control, and speech regression
Rett Syndrome
X-linked disorder that primarily affects females
Rett Syndrome
Rated as mild, moderate, severe, or profound and is usually present before age 18
intellectual disability
Geriatric mother’s age
over 35
_______________ injuries are more common in children with disabilities because they are less able to __________ their environment.
Unintentional, control
Development disorders that vary widely and include any type of impairment
pervasive development disorders
(often referred to as a spectrum)
Establishing routine schedules
Down syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder
Causes include genetic, pregnancy alterations, neonatal alterations, acquired childhood conditions or disease, environmental problems, or unknown causes.
intellectual disability
_____________ impacts body stature, causing short stature, broad hands, singular transverse palmar crease, widened gap between the toes, broad neck, dry skin, hypermobility of joints, and hypotonic muscles.
Down syndrome
Intervention of choice for children with learning disabilities
sensorimotor integration therapy
Symptoms of ASD begin before _______, where screenings start at _________ with symptoms showing as early as __________.
3 years, 9 months, 1 year
Down syndrome is most common in _________________ males.
non-Hispanic white
Atypical patterns of development and clusters of developmental problems and deficits characterized by difficulty developing and maintaining social relationships
Autism Spectrum Disorders
A child with _________________ has distinct facial features: brachycephaly; flat profile; wide, flat nasal bridge; webbing of neck; narrow, high-arched palate; protruding tongue; and small, low-set ears
Down syndrome
Children with autism are often unable to tolerate ____________ in routine, which may cause the child to become __________, ____________, and/or ___________.
changes, withdrawn, self-abusive, violent
Brachycephaly
small head
Physical characteristics include large, prominent ears; long, narrow face; disproportionate head circumference; enlarged testicles; flat feet; lax ankles; hyperextendable fingers; and soft, smooth skin
Fragile X Syndrome
Most common chromosomal abnormality that results in moderate to severe impairment
Down syndrome
Diagnosed by abnormal findings on ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis
Down syndrome
Diagnosis is made by detecting variations on X chromosome and presence of manifestations without brain trauma and not before 6th month of life
Rett Syndrome
Most common inherited cause of cognitive impairment and genetic cause of autism
Fragile X Syndrome
Manifestations include pre and post natal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, joint anomalies, intellectual disabilities, irritability, and hyperactivity
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Denotes specific limitations to the child’s function and intellectual capacity
intellectual impairment
Characterized by social and emotional symptoms, rigidity regarding schedules, motor clumsiness, and organizational skill problems
Asperger syndrome
Age based on ability to perform ADLs
functional age
Syndrome caused by exposure to alcohol in utero
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is based on meeting criteria: ___ facial abnormalities, _______ deficit, ______ abnormalities, and ______________________.
3, growth, CNS, delayed developmental milestones
Characterized by persistent symmetric growth retardation, malformations of face and skull, skeletal and cardiac malformations, CNS deficits, and intellectual and developmental disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Diagnosis of failure to thrive includes weight below ___ percentile, ___________________ in the growth curve, _____________ muscle mass, and _______________________.
5th, sudden deceleration, decreasing, delayed developmental milestones
Comorbid disorders include depression, anxiety, enlarged testicles, primary ovarian insufficiency, and risk for seizures
Fragile X Syndrome
Only definitive genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder
Rett Syndrome
High-functioning ASD with high levels of intellectual and language development
Asperger syndrome
Facial features include smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, ear anomalies, cleft lip and palate, and short palpebral fissures
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Age based on level of intellectual understanding
mental age
Risk factors include advanced maternal age and genetic predisposition
Down syndrome
Treatment includes special education services, behavior management, and speech and language therapy
Fragile X Syndrome
Behavior dysfunction from speech, language, and sensory impairment: temper tantrums, self-injury, gaze avoidance, self-stimulation, extreme agitation, abnormal speech, poor coordination
Fragile X Syndrome
Symptoms include lack of social ability, lack of verbalization, little interest in verbal interaction, inability to use toys, lack of smiling, and obsession with order
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Behavioral manifestations include lack of eye contact, avoidances of touch, sleep disturbances, lack of stranger anxiety, lack of parental preference, and disturbed affect.
Failure to Thrive
Five screenings for Down syndrome include
GI, cardiac
behavior and sleep difficulties
Thyroid, ophthalmologic
Disorder of social connectedness; children have difficult time looking directly at people and maintaining peer relationships
Fragile X Syndrome
Cardinal sign of developmental disorders
delayed achievement of developmental milestones
Ability to perform ADLs
adaptive functioning
