Chapter 54: The Child with an Intellectual Disability or Developmental Disability

Question 1

Child has a period of normal growth and development, but it stops between 6-18 months

Answer 1

Rett Syndrome

Question 2

Quality ______________ can greatly reduce chances of infant being born with an impairment

Answer 2

prenatal care

Question 3

These patients are known for having cardiac defects, vision and hearing disabilities, increased risk of childhood leukemia, premature aging, and increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer’s.

Answer 3

Down syndrome

Question 4

Children whose weight or rate of weight gain is below that of comparably aged children

Answer 4

Failure to Thrive

Question 5

Down syndrome is also known as

Answer 5

Trisomy 21

Question 6

X-linked disorder where the male child has full effects, and females are typically carriers (when females get the syndrome, only have mild symptoms)

Answer 6

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 7

Manifestations include stereotyped hand movements, gait problems, loss of fine motor control, and speech regression

Answer 7

Rett Syndrome

Question 8

X-linked disorder that primarily affects females

Answer 8

Rett Syndrome

Question 9

Rated as mild, moderate, severe, or profound and is usually present before age 18

Answer 9

intellectual disability

Question 10

Geriatric mother’s age

Answer 10

over 35

Question 11

_______________ injuries are more common in children with disabilities because they are less able to __________ their environment.

Answer 11

Unintentional, control

Question 12

Development disorders that vary widely and include any type of impairment

Answer 12

pervasive development disorders
(often referred to as a spectrum)

Question 13

Establishing routine schedules

Answer 13

Down syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder

Question 14

Causes include genetic, pregnancy alterations, neonatal alterations, acquired childhood conditions or disease, environmental problems, or unknown causes.

Answer 14

intellectual disability

Question 15

_____________ impacts body stature, causing short stature, broad hands, singular transverse palmar crease, widened gap between the toes, broad neck, dry skin, hypermobility of joints, and hypotonic muscles.

Answer 15

Down syndrome

Question 16

Intervention of choice for children with learning disabilities

Answer 16

sensorimotor integration therapy

Question 17

Symptoms of ASD begin before _______, where screenings start at _________ with symptoms showing as early as __________.

Answer 17

3 years, 9 months, 1 year

Question 18

Down syndrome is most common in _________________ males.

Answer 18

non-Hispanic white

Question 19

Atypical patterns of development and clusters of developmental problems and deficits characterized by difficulty developing and maintaining social relationships

Answer 19

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 20

A child with _________________ has distinct facial features: brachycephaly; flat profile; wide, flat nasal bridge; webbing of neck; narrow, high-arched palate; protruding tongue; and small, low-set ears

Answer 20

Down syndrome

Question 21

Children with autism are often unable to tolerate ____________ in routine, which may cause the child to become __________, ____________, and/or ___________.

Answer 21

changes, withdrawn, self-abusive, violent

Question 22

Brachycephaly

Answer 22

small head

Question 23

Physical characteristics include large, prominent ears; long, narrow face; disproportionate head circumference; enlarged testicles; flat feet; lax ankles; hyperextendable fingers; and soft, smooth skin

Answer 23

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 24

Most common chromosomal abnormality that results in moderate to severe impairment

Answer 24

Down syndrome

Question 25

Diagnosed by abnormal findings on ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, and amniocentesis

Answer 25

Down syndrome

Question 26

Diagnosis is made by detecting variations on X chromosome and presence of manifestations without brain trauma and not before 6th month of life

Answer 26

Rett Syndrome

Question 27

Most common inherited cause of cognitive impairment and genetic cause of autism

Answer 27

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 28

Manifestations include pre and post natal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, joint anomalies, intellectual disabilities, irritability, and hyperactivity

Answer 28

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 29

Denotes specific limitations to the child’s function and intellectual capacity

Answer 29

intellectual impairment

Question 30

Characterized by social and emotional symptoms, rigidity regarding schedules, motor clumsiness, and organizational skill problems

Answer 30

Asperger syndrome

Question 31

Age based on ability to perform ADLs

Answer 31

functional age

Question 32

Syndrome caused by exposure to alcohol in utero

Answer 32

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 33

Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is based on meeting criteria: ___ facial abnormalities, _______ deficit, ______ abnormalities, and ______________________.

Answer 33

3, growth, CNS, delayed developmental milestones

Question 34

Characterized by persistent symmetric growth retardation, malformations of face and skull, skeletal and cardiac malformations, CNS deficits, and intellectual and developmental disabilities

Answer 34

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 35

Diagnosis of failure to thrive includes weight below ___ percentile, ___________________ in the growth curve, _____________ muscle mass, and _______________________.

Answer 35

5th, sudden deceleration, decreasing, delayed developmental milestones

Question 36

Comorbid disorders include depression, anxiety, enlarged testicles, primary ovarian insufficiency, and risk for seizures

Answer 36

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 37

Only definitive genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder

Answer 37

Rett Syndrome

Question 38

High-functioning ASD with high levels of intellectual and language development

Answer 38

Asperger syndrome

Question 39

Facial features include smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, ear anomalies, cleft lip and palate, and short palpebral fissures

Answer 39

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 40

Age based on level of intellectual understanding

Answer 40

mental age

Question 41

Risk factors include advanced maternal age and genetic predisposition

Answer 41

Down syndrome

Question 42

Treatment includes special education services, behavior management, and speech and language therapy

Answer 42

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 43

Behavior dysfunction from speech, language, and sensory impairment: temper tantrums, self-injury, gaze avoidance, self-stimulation, extreme agitation, abnormal speech, poor coordination

Answer 43

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 44

Symptoms include lack of social ability, lack of verbalization, little interest in verbal interaction, inability to use toys, lack of smiling, and obsession with order

Answer 44

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 45

Behavioral manifestations include lack of eye contact, avoidances of touch, sleep disturbances, lack of stranger anxiety, lack of parental preference, and disturbed affect.

Answer 45

Failure to Thrive

Question 46

Five screenings for Down syndrome include

Answer 46

GI, cardiac
behavior and sleep difficulties
Thyroid, ophthalmologic

Question 47

Disorder of social connectedness; children have difficult time looking directly at people and maintaining peer relationships

Answer 47

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 48

Cardinal sign of developmental disorders

Answer 48

delayed achievement of developmental milestones

Question 49

Ability to perform ADLs

Answer 49

adaptive functioning