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BIO 220 > EXAM 3- Ch. 7 RNA PROCESSING > Flashcards

EXAM 3- Ch. 7 RNA PROCESSING Flashcards

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1
Q

what components are required for eukaryotic mRNA processing

A
  • 5’ cap
  • 3’ poly A tail
  • rna splicing
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2
Q

true or false: most rna’s must be further processed before they can carry out their roles

A

true

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3
Q

any modification made to rna between its transcription and its final function in the cell. term?

A

rna processing

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4
Q

can prokaryotes or eukaryotes translate mRNA as soon as it is transcribed by rna polymerase

A

prokaryotes

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5
Q

what is a consequence of prokaryotes translating mRNA as soon as it is transcribed

A

very little processing of prokaryotic mRNA

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6
Q

true or false: both eukaryote and prokaryotes process their rRNA and tRNA in different ways

A

false

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7
Q

during prokaryotic processing is mRNA processed

A

no

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8
Q

multiple genes transcribed on one transcript. term?

A

operon

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9
Q

transcription unit of prokaryotic processing

A

operon

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10
Q

what kind of proteins are translated from mRNA in prokaryotes

A

individual

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11
Q

during eukaryotic processing what is produced

A
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
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12
Q

one gene transcribed on one transcript. term?

A

monocystronic

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13
Q

where does eukaryotic processing occur

A

nucleus

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14
Q

what does UTR stand for

A

untranslated region

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15
Q

what is the 1st modification in mRNA processing eukaryote

A

5’ rna capping

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16
Q

what makes the 3’ end poly a tail

A

rna processing enzymes

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17
Q

RNA splicing function eukaryote

A

removes intron sequences from newly transcribed pre-mRNA

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18
Q

what signals where splicing occurs in eukaryotes

A

nucleotide sequences

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19
Q

what does the splicing in eukaryotes

A

spliceosome

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20
Q

how does the spliceosome work

A

uses atp hydrolysis to produce a complex series of RNA-RNA rearrangements

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21
Q

what splices a small fraction of intron sequences in animals and plants

A

snRNPs

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22
Q

what is selectively exported from the nucleus eukaryote

A

mature mRNAs

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23
Q

what does the nucleus produce

A

ribosomes

24
Q

where will rRNA be edited

A

Nucleus

25
Q

modified guanine with methyl group by the formations the triphosphate bridge

A

5’ cap

26
Q

what adds the 5’ cap

A

capping enzymes

27
Q

what are the 4 functions of the 5’ cap

A
  • ID 5’ end mRNA
  • protect from exonuclease
  • assist in export
  • assist in binging to ribosome
28
Q

what are the 2 capping enzymes activities

A
  • phosphatase

- methyl transferase

29
Q

about how many adenines get added to the 3’ end by 3’ poly A tail

A

200

30
Q

location of 3’ poly A tail

A

around 30 nucleotides from cleavage signal

31
Q

is a template needed for 3’ poly A tail

A

no

32
Q

2 functions of 3’ poly A tail

A
  • assisted in export out of nucleus

- protects against degradation by exonuclease

33
Q

def: the removal of introns from pre-mRNA and join of exons to form mRNA

A

splicing

34
Q

what 3 things are required for splicing

A
  • splisosome
  • consensus sequences
  • ATP
35
Q

what do consensus sequences mean

A

similar in all species

36
Q

true or false: rna has catalytic activity

A

true

37
Q

what is the splicesosome made of

A

large complex of snRNPs

38
Q

in the splicesosome what recognizes consensus sequences on pre-mRNA

A

U1 and U2

39
Q

in the splicesosome what binds consensus sequences on pre-mRNA

A

U4, U5, U6

40
Q

rna- rna =

A
  • confirms splice site

- check splicing accuracy

41
Q

what occurs in splicing rxn

A
  • exchange of 2 alcohol groups in 2 transesterification rxn
42
Q

in an transesterification rxn (1) what does the branch point react with

A

5’ of intron

43
Q

in an transesterification rxn (1) what bonds are broken

A

phosphodiester

44
Q

in an transesterification rxn (1) the intron end covalently binds to what

A

a branch

45
Q

in an transesterification rxn (2) what does the 3’ end of first exon react with

A

5’ end of second exon

46
Q

what forms at the end of a transesterification rxn

A

lariat

47
Q

what kind of modifications are in tRNA

A

chemical changes

48
Q

rRNA maturation requires

A
  • cleavage and chemical modification
49
Q

what does the mature mRNA have to bind to for export to the cytoplasm

A

proteins/ nuclear transport receptors

50
Q

where and how does the mature mRNA come out of

A

nuclear pore complex

active transport

51
Q

what life on earth was before DNA

A

pre-RNA

52
Q

in eukaryotes what is the advantage of non coding sequences

A

alternative splicing

53
Q

what % are exons in DNA

A

1%

54
Q

what % are introns in DNA

A

20%

55
Q

what are the advantages of alternative splicing

A
  • producing different proteins from a single gene
  • more proteins
  • specific proteins

BIO 220 (20 decks)

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