Ch. 1

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

• The basic unit from which a living organism is made

- an aqueous solution of chemicals, enclosed by a membrane, that has an ability to self-replicate.

Question 2

micrometer measurement

Answer 2

equal to one millionth (10−6) of a meter or 10−4 centimeter

Question 3

what does DNA form and how are the linked

Answer 3

two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units

Question 4

what does DNA store

Answer 4

genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation

Question 5

what Molecule produced by the transcription of DNA;

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

usual structure of RNA

Answer 6

single strand

Question 7

what is RNA

Answer 7

a polynucleotide composed of covalently linked ribonucleotide subunits

Question 8

function of RNA

Answer 8

informational, structural, catalytic, and regulatory functions in cells

Question 9

protein

Answer 9

Macromolecule built from amino acids

Question 10

function of protein

Answer 10

• provides cells with their shape and structure

- performs most of their activities.

Question 11

evolution

Answer 11

Process of gradual modification and adaptation that occurs in living organisms over generations

Question 12

genome

Answer 12

The total genetic information carried by all the chromosomes of a cell or organism

Question 13

how many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

microscopes use what to examine cells and organelles

Answer 14

beam of light

Question 15

microscopes use what to examine objects as small as individual molecules

Answer 15

beam of electrons

Question 16

plasma mmb

Answer 16

The protein-containing lipid bilayer that surrounds a living cell

Question 17

cytoplasm (prokaryote)

Answer 17

Contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane

Question 18

cytoplasm (eukaryote)

Answer 18

Contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane except for the nucleus

Question 19

what are fluorescence microscopes used to examine

Answer 19

a specimen that has been labeled with a fluorescent dye

Question 20

ribosomes

Answer 20

Large macromolecular complex, composed of RNAs and proteins

Question 21

ribosome function

Answer 21

translates a messenger RNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 22

eukaryote

Answer 22

organism whose cells have a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 23

prokaryote

Answer 23

• no nucleus

- bacteria

Question 24

bacterium

Answer 24

• a member of one of the two divisions of prokaryotes

- some species cause disease

Question 25

archaeon

Answer 25

- a member of one of the two divisions of prokaryotes

Question 26

where are archaeons found

Answer 26

in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine

Question 27

what does the nucleus contain

Answer 27

DNA

Question 28

what does a chromosome contain

Answer 28

DNA and proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism

Question 29

when are chromosomes visible

Answer 29

when a plant or animal cell prepares to divide

Question 30

true or false: the mitochondrion is a mmb enclosed organelle

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what organelle produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells

Answer 31

mitochondrion

Question 32

chloroplast contains

Answer 32

chlorophyll

Question 33

site of photosynthesis

Answer 33

chloroplast

Question 34

photosynthesis

Answer 34

energy of sunlight to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water

Question 35

what uses photosynthesis

Answer 35

plants, algae, and some bacteria

Question 36

where are lipids and proteins are made

Answer 36

ER

Question 37

true or false: the ER is not mmb enclosed

Answer 37

false

Question 38

true or false: the Golgi apparatus is mmb enclosed

Answer 38

true

Question 39

function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 39

modifies the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts them for transport to other sites

Question 40

cytosol

Answer 40

Contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 41

cytoskeleton function

Answer 41

gives the cell shape and the capacity for directed movement

Question 42

protozoan

Answer 42

A free-living - nonphotosynthetic - single-celled - motile eukaryote

Question 43

model organism

Answer 43

A living thing selected for intensive study as a representative of a large group of species

Question 44

homologous

Answer 44

description of things that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin