Exam 3 Ch. 11

Question 1

Representing the situation as a set of variables in mathematical relationships.

Answer 1

Mathematical modeling

Question 2

Viewing the situation in terms of systems having inputs, outputs, transformations, feedback loop, control points, etc.

Answer 2

Systems analysis

Question 3

Laying out the causal variables and relationships that create problematic effects.

Answer 3

Causal mapping

Question 4

Identifying relevant stakeholders, their goals, assumptions, and related incompatibilities.

Answer 4

Stakeholder analysis

Question 5

Analyzing the situation in terms of supply and demand, marginal costs and benefits, incentives, externalities.

Answer 5

Economic analysis

Question 6

Identify the problems and relationships among them that constitute the overall problem situation.

Answer 6

Situation structure

Question 7

For each identified problem, identify relevant goals, stakeholders, constraints, causes, effects, uncertainties, unknowns, alternatives, costs, benefits.

Answer 7

Problem elements and relationships

Question 8

For each identified problem, consider whether it exhibits common structural features (e.g. value tradeoffs).

Answer 8

Problem structures

Question 9

For each identified problem, consider whether it has distinctive characteristics that make it different from other problems of its type.

Answer 9

Distinctive features

Question 10

What established domains of knowledge and expertise are relevant to the situation?

Answer 10

Knowledge domains

Question 11

What is the problem’s history, and what aspect of the current organizational context might affect its solution?

Answer 11

Contextual factors

Question 12

For each identified problem, what functions or tasks must be performed as part of solving it?

Answer 12

Functions/tasks

Question 13

For each identified problem, what mistakes are commonly made when addressing this kind of situation?

Answer 13

Pitfalls

Question 14

What problem solving methods and heuristics could be usefully applied to this situation?

Answer 14

Methods and heuristics

Question 15

Store brand vs. name brand

Answer 15

Cost-quality

Question 16

Taking a test

Answer 16

Speed-accuracy

Question 17

Lifting weights

Answer 17

Quality-quantity

Question 18

Hiring decisions

Answer 18

Type1- type2

Question 19

Fun vs. staying home and studying for a test

Answer 19

Short term-long term

Question 20

As a result of inadequate screening or other failures, one loses the desirable members of a population and attracts the undesirable members.

Answer 20

Adverse selection

Question 21

Offering health care and attracting those that are sick rather than healthy. You make more money off those that are healthy.

Answer 21

Adverse selection

Question 22

Time lags between input activities and a system’s response lead to imbalances.

Answer 22

Delayed Feedback

Question 23

Two or more competitors successively “up the ante” in attempting to outdo the others.

Answer 23

Escalation

Question 24

People overuse resources they don’t have to pay for.

Answer 24

Free goods

Question 25

People don’t contribute their fair share.

Answer 25

Free rider

Question 26

Making an exception to a rule exposes one to requests for increasingly extreme expectations.

Answer 26

Slippery slope

Question 27

Initial successes allow some competitors to capture more resources, to the detriment of others.

Answer 27

Success to the successful

Question 28

Time spent managing a system’s tasks depletes the time available for performing them.

Answer 28

Thrashing

Question 29

Users of a free resource are motivated to exploit it to the fullest, thereby harming the resource.

Answer 29

Tragedy of the commons

Question 30

One’s that start out strong, get stronger, one’s that start out weak, get weaker.

Answer 30

Success to the successful

Question 31

Too many cows grazing on land will deplete the quality of the land.

Answer 31

Tragedy of the commons

Question 32

Hungover and turned on hot water for shower. It was still cold, so you turned it on hotter. The water was still cold, so you turned it up even more. When the hot water finally came out, it was too hot and you were burned.

Answer 32

Delayed Feedback

Question 33

Arms race during the cold war. The U.S. and Russia were building up arms. Each one wanted to have more arms than the other.

Answer 33

Escalation

Question 34

Accepting parts from your supplier that don’t work and putting them in your product and selling them to consumers and the product does not work.

Answer 34

Slippery Slope