Exam 2 deck 3

Question 1

Criticism is directed at the person who makes an argument rather than at the argument itself.

Answer 1

Personal Attack

Question 2

One tries to make opponents appear ridiculous, unethical, or otherwise unworthy of attention.

Answer 2

Abusive Personal Attack

Question 3

The knowledge or motivation of opponents is brought into question.

Answer 3

Circumstantial personal attack

Question 4

People are disparaged on account of the company they keep.

Answer 4

Guilt by Association

Question 5

An argument is condemned because of its source or origin.

Answer 5

Genetic Fallacy

Question 6

Arguments are presented in ways that try to disqualify or discourage potential opponents.

Answer 6

Poisoning the Wells

Question 7

Opponents are disqualified on the grounds that they don’t practice what they preach.

Answer 7

Tu Quoque

Question 8

Nazi’s reject idea of relativity developed by Einstein because he was jewish.

Answer 8

Genetic Fallacy

Question 9

Making an argument and not wanting anyone to go against you. If they do, look at them as an idiot.

Answer 9

Poisoning the Wells

Question 10

Someone that disagrees with you and saying we shouldn’t take them seriously. Someone that is a hypocrite.

Answer 10

Tu Quoque

Question 11

An argument is supported by appeal to an illegitimate authority, one that is biased or lacks relevant expertise.

Answer 11

Appeal to Authority

Question 12

the view s of the rarity are taken as determining what is right or true.

Answer 12

Appeal to Majority Opinion

Question 13

The views of an elite are taken as determining what is right or true.

Answer 13

Snob Appeal

Question 14

Rather than offering reasons in support of a claim, one arouses an audiences feelings on the claim’s behalf.

Answer 14

Appeal to Emotions

Question 15

One tries to flatter or arouse emotions in a large group of people.

Answer 15

Appeal to the masses

Question 16

One tries to arouse feelings of sympathy.

Answer 16

Appeal to Pity

Question 17

An attempt is made to scare an audience into accepting one’s claim.

Answer 17

Appeal to Fear

Question 18

Flattery is used to win assent.

Answer 18

Appeal to Vanity

Question 19

Irrespective of its merits, a compromise, middle-of-the-road position is held to be superior to more extreme alternatives.

Answer 19

Appeal to Moderation

Question 20

Defense attorney speaks to a jury saying he should be pitied and shouldn’t be taken away from society.

Answer 20

Appeal to Pity

Question 21

Prescution speaks to a jury saying if you do not convict this murderer, he will go free.

Answer 21

Appeal to Fear

Question 22

Labor management dispute: Union asks for a 10% increase but the company wants a 4% increase. They split it in the middle and call it 7%.

Answer 22

Appeal to Moderation

Question 23

Liberals are controlled by unions. Conservatives are in league with big corporations. I occupy the common sense, middle ground, proposing a policy of industrial partnership to replace the old politics of conflict and extremism.

Answer 23

Appeal to Moderation

Question 24

This scholarship aid proposal is calculated o exploit poor students, for it was administration. No scholarship students were on the committee.

Answer 24

Genetic Fallacy

Question 25

Students e-mail to a professor: I just wanted to see how i’m doing in your course. I’m learning so much; I really love the course. You just have to be the best teacher i’ve ever had.

Answer 25

Appeal to Vanity

Question 26

I’m afraid I have to disagree with Mr. Brooke’s proposals for streamlining our educational programs and practices. As a businessman, he can’t be expected to understand that ur mission is to educate students, not to make money.

Answer 26

Circumstantial Personal Attack

Question 27

With millions of college grads seeking employment, it shouldn’t be hard to replace dissatisfied teachers who feel the urge to strike.

Answer 27

Appeal to Fear

Question 28

Every opinion poll shows that public whipping is the best remedy for those who commit crimes of violence.

Answer 28

Appeal to Majority Opinion

Question 29

When you’ve got a better theory, you can criticize mine.

Answer 29

Tu Quoque

Question 30

From Richard Nixon’s Checkers speech: My family was one of the modest circumstances and most of my early life was spend in a store out in East Whittier. It was a grocery store-one of those family enterprises. I worked my way through college and to great extent through law school. the only reason we were able tomato it go was because my mother and dad have five boys and we all worked in the store. Why do I feel so deeply? Why do I feel that in spite of the smears, the misunderstanding, the necessity for amend to come up here and bare his soul as I have? and I want to tell you why. Because, you see, I love my country.

Answer 30

Appeal to Pitty

Question 31

The person who rejects my conclusions is either an insane bigot who claims my pity or a foul-mouthed slanderer who has my contempt.

Answer 31

Poisoning the Wells

Question 32

From a circular by the Americanism Educational League: We–and you–know that in spite of temporary setbacks, America is and will remain the greatest country on God’s earth. You can have a vital part in our patriotic campaign on behalf of the Real America….The land of brave, proud, confident, hardworking people.

Answer 32

Appeal to the masses

Question 33

Camel Filters. There not for everybody.

Answer 33

Snob Appeal

Question 34

The president of the bank maintains that personal income taxes for the wealthy should be reduced. It’s just what you’d expect from a person who has a big income and is greedy for more.

Answer 34

Abusive Personal Attack

Question 35

One mistakenly assumes that there are only two alternatives. includes false dilemma, in which both options are allegedly unacceptable.

Answer 35

False Dichotomy

Question 36

A question is misleading since it mistakenly presumes that another question has been answered in a certain way

Answer 36

Complex Questions

Question 37

Properties of a whole are mistakenly ascribed to its parts.

Answer 37

Division

Question 38

Properties of an entity’s parts are mistakenly attributed tot he whole.

Answer 38

Composition

Question 39

The status quo is defended by the mistaken assumption that everything worth doing has already been done.

Answer 39

Non-anticipation

Question 40

An action or alternative is rejected due to the erroneous belief that it’s the first step in an inescapable progression towards an undesirable outcome.

Answer 40

Slippery Slope

Question 41

America is the wealthiest nation in the history of the world. Therefore, it’s absurd to say that poverty is a problem in this country.

Answer 41

Division

Question 42

How long are you going to continue with the irrational policies and corrupt practices you’ve been using to destroy this company?

Answer 42

Complex Question

Question 43

If there were any connection between drinking eight pints of beer a day and obesity, don’t you think countless beer drinkers would have seen it before now.

Answer 43

Non-anticipation

Question 44

Can the universe think about itself? We know that at least one part of it can: we ourselves. Is it not reasonable to conclude the whole can?

Answer 44

Composition

Question 45

Conscientious students will study without the threat of an exam, and lazy students won’t study even with the threat. So exams are not an effective means of getting students to study.

Answer 45

False Dichotomy

Question 46

If the government is allowed to restrict the sale of machine guns, soon it will outlaw private ownership of all weapons.

Answer 46

Slippery Slope