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A&P Bio 245 > Exam 3: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Autonomic System

A
  • System of nerves mediating INVOLUNTARY actions
  • Regulated body organ activity
  • Maintains normal internal functions
  • Allows for varied nervous system responses in times of stress and rest
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2
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous system divided into?

A

Sympatheic

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

Includes processes perciveved or controlled consiously

A

Somatic Nervous System

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4
Q

Includes processes regulated below consious level

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

Visceral Sensory

A

Portion of the Autonomic Nervous System:

detects stimuli from blood vessesl and interal organs

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6
Q

Somatic Sensory

A

Portion of the SNS:

Detects stiuli from special senses, skin, and proprioreceptors also sends infromation to CNS

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7
Q

Autonomic Motor

A

Portion of the ANS:

transmits nerve signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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8
Q

Somatic Motor

A

Portion of the SNS:

transmits nerve signals from CNS to control skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Anatomy of ANS:

2 Neuron System

A

Preganglionic neuron

Postganglionic neuron

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10
Q

Preganglionic

A

Cell body in the CNS and axon extends to a ganglion

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11
Q

Postganglionic Neuron

A

Cell body in ganglion and axon extends to an effector

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12
Q

What characterizes the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Fight of Flight

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13
Q

What characterizes the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Rest and Digest

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14
Q
  • Preganglionic neuron in brainstem or S2-S4 spinal cord
  • Ganglionci Neuron innervating muscles or glands
A

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

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15
Q
  • Preganglionic neuron in lateral horns of T1-L2
  • Ganglionic neuron innervating muscels or glands
A

Sympathetic Division of ANS

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16
Q

Termed craniosacral divison

A

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

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17
Q

Termed thoracolumbar division

A

Sympathetic Division of ANS

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18
Q

Sympathetic Division:

Axon length

1st motor:

2nd motor:

A

1st motor: short axon

2nd motor:long axon

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19
Q

Sympathetic Division

2 types of sympathetic ganglia:

A

Sympathetic Trunk (Vertebral Chain) Ganglia

Collateral (prevertebral) Ganglia

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20
Q

Preveretebral (Collateral) ganglia

A

Celiac

Superior Mesenteric

Inferior Mesenteric

Aorticorenal

Renal

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21
Q

What 4 ways can the postganglionic neurons leave the sympathetic trunk?

A
  • Spinal nerves
  • Sympathetic nerves
  • Splanchnic nerves
  • Adrenal medulla pathway
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22
Q

Parasympathetic Division

Axon Length

1st Motor:

2nd Motor:

A

1st Motor:Long

2nd Motor:Short

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23
Q

Has many collaterals- up to 20

A

Sympathetic Division

24
Q

Has few collaterals- 4 to 5

A

Parasympathetic division

25
Q

True or False

The terminal ganglia are usually within the effector in the parasympathetic division.

A

True

26
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

The cranial outflow has 4 pairs of ganglia:

A
  1. Ciliary Ganglia: III (Occulomotor)
  2. Pterygopalatine Ganglia: VII (Facial)
  3. Submandibular Ganglia: VII (Facial)
  4. Otic Ganglia: IX (Glossopharyngeal)
27
Q

X (Vagus) nerve carries nearly % of the total craniosacral flow

A

80

28
Q

Autonomic Plexuses

The 7 types

A
  • Cardiac Plexus
  • Pulmonary Plexus
  • Celiac (Solar) Plexus
  • Superior Mesenteric Plexus
  • Inferior Mesenteric Plexus
  • Hypogastric Plexus
  • Renal Plexus
29
Q

Autonomic Plexuses

A

A network of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

30
Q

Cardiac Plexus

A

Heart

31
Q

Pulmonary Plexus

A

The Bronchial tree

32
Q

Celiac Plexus

A

Largest

Supplies the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and adrenal medullae

33
Q

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

A

Small intestin and proximal colon

34
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus

A

Distal Colon and rectum

35
Q

Hypogastric Plexus

A

Urinary bladder and genital organs

36
Q

Renal Plexus

A

Kidneys and ureters

37
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinephrine (NE)
    • Bind to specific receptors on postsynaptic cell
    • Cause stimulation or inhibition; depending on receptor
38
Q

Cholinergic Neurons release

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

39
Q

Cholinergic Neurons include:

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
  2. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands
  3. All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
40
Q

Cholinergic Receptors

A

Bind acetylcholine and are found on the post-synaptic cell

41
Q

Two types of Cholinergic Receptors

A

Nicotine Recptors

Muscarinic Receptors

42
Q

Nicotine Receptors

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Nicotine mimics the action of ACh when bound to these receptors

43
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A

In PM of effectors innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

In Chromaffin cells of adrenal medullae

Muscarine mimics the effects of ACh when bound to these receptors

Different subtypes have different responses (excitation/inhibition)

44
Q

Andrenergic Neurons

A

Release norepinephrin

Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are andrenergic

45
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

2 Types of receptors on postsynaptic cell:

A

Alpha Receptors- 2 subtypes

Beta Receptors- 3 subtypes

46
Q

Alpha 1 and Beta 1

A

Excitation in effectors

47
Q

Alpha 2 and Beta 2

A

Inhibition of effectors

48
Q

Beta 3

A

Found in BAT (Brown Adipose Tissue): found in babies

49
Q

Autonomic tone

A

A balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

Regulated by the hypothalamus

50
Q

Sympathetic Responses

As Stress increases what happens?

A
  • Increased production of ATP
  • Dilation of pupils
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Dialation of airways
  • Constriction of blood vessels that supply the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
  • increased blood supply to the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, liver and adipose tissue
  • increased glycogenolysis Increased blood glucose
  • Increased lipolysis
51
Q

Parasympathetic Responses

A
  • Used to conserve energy and return body to homeostasis
  • increased digestive and urinary function
  • decreased body functions that support physical activity
52
Q

Cholinergic receptors bind to

A

Acetylcholine

53
Q

Norepinephrine is released from which type of neuron?

A

Cholinergeric

54
Q

The connective tissue layer that separates individual axons from one another is called the

A

Endoneurium

55
Q

How many cervial spinal nerves are there?

A

8

56
Q
A

A&P Bio 245 (15 decks)

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