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Drugs and Behavior > Exam 3: Alcohol Part 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Alcohol Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

physiological symptoms of acute alcohol use

A

non-stop peeing: vasopressin inhibition - inc urine output when BAC rising

flushed skin: peripheral dilator- skin feels warm and turns red but actual dec in core T

drunk munchies: reduced leptin

disrupts REM sleep

impairs memory- reduced glutamate

hangover - Ach build up

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2
Q

BAC 0.02-0.03

A

mood elevation

slight muscle relaxation

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3
Q

BAC 0.05-0.06

A

re;axation and warmth
inc rxn time
dec fine muscle coordination and alertness

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4
Q

BAC 0.08-0.09

A

cannot operate vehicle
impaired balance, speech, vision, hearing, muscle coordination
euphoria, exaggerated emotions

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5
Q

BAC .14-.15

A

loss of judgement - poor decisions

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6
Q

BAC 0.2-0.3

A

blackout drunk

severly intoxicated, conscious but unaware of surroundings

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7
Q

BAC 0.4-0.5

A

unconscious, deep coma, death from respiratory depression

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8
Q

NEVER take _____ with alcohol

A

tylenol!!

liver damage

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9
Q

when alcohol taken with _______ the cumulative effects are greater

A

benzodiazepines
barbiturates
opiates
marijuana

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10
Q

what does alcohol decrease effects of

A

antibiotics
anticonvulsants
anticoagulants
MAO inhibitors

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11
Q

what increases the effects of alcohol

A

oral contraceptives - hormonal birth control

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12
Q

characteristics of hangovers

A

-symptoms begin when BAC drops significantly r is near/at zero

fatigue and weakness, excessive thirst, dry mouth, headaches, muscle aches, nausea, dec sleep, inc sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness, shakiness

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13
Q

what can cause hangovers

A

acute withdrawal
accumulations of acetylaldehyde and or acetate
diret effects of alcohol
other chemicals in alcoholic beverages

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14
Q

types of tolerance associated with alcohol use

A 
acute
metabolic
pharmacodynamic 
behavioral
cross - with other drugs
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15
Q

occurs within single exposure to alcohol

drug effects greater while BAC rising and smaller when it is falling

A

acute tolerance

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16
Q

inc in CYP450 liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize the alcohol
less intoxicated bc lower concentrations

A

metabolic tolerance

17
Q

neurons adapt to the continued presence of alcohol by making compensatory changes in cell function
inc NMDA receptors
dec GABA A receptors

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance

18
Q

dangers of heavy alcohol use

A

cardiovascular disease
liver cirrhosis: scarring (swelling, infections, malnutrition, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, bone disease, inc risk of liver cancer

19
Q

wernicke-korsakoff’s syndrome

A

thiamine (B1) deficiency
caused by damage to mamillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus, frontal cortex
anterograde amnesia - cannot form new memories

alcohol prevents absorption of B1

20
Q

alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

8-10 hrs: anxiety, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain
1-3 days: high BP, inc T
1 week: seizures and DTs
kindling

21
Q

Delirium tremens (DTs)

A

usually strat 2-5 days after last drink - can be fatal

symptoms: shaking, confusion high BP, fever, seizures, agitation, hallucinations

22
Q

kindling

A

inc glutamate and reduced GABA during withdrawal leads to seizure activity

23
Q

psychological factors - alcohol use disorder (AUD)

A

-response to stress
(it relieves subjective effects of stress but also activates stress in brain)
-high comorbidity of anxiety disorders and AUD
stress early in life is risk for alcohol abuse as adult

24
Q

ethanol sensitivity schuckit

A

men who later developed AUD showed reduced response to alcohol for each
-low response rate increased risk for AUD fourfold regardless of family history

ppl who metabolize it faster are more likely to have AUD

25
Q

5 treatment methods

A

detoxification, psychosocial rehabilitation, pharmacotherapeutic, disulfiram, naltrexone

26
Q

detoxification

A

benzodiazepines like librium or valium are given to prevent alochol withdrawal symptoms
inc GABA function

27
Q

psychosocial rehabilitation

A

programs to prevent relapse

  • individual and group therapy
  • residential alcohol-free treatment settings
  • self help groups like AA
28
Q

pharmacotherapeutic treatment

A

2 strategies: making drinking unpleasant and reduce alcohol’s reinforcing qualities

29
Q

disulfiram

A 
inhibits ALDH (converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid)
- drinking even an ounze of alcohol results in vomiting, nausea
30
Q

naltrexone

A

opioid receptor antagonist
reduces alcohol consumption and improves abstinence rates
reduces positive feeling and subjective high by blocking endorphin release

Drugs and Behavior (27 decks)

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