Exam 3: Alcohol Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

physiological symptoms of acute alcohol use

A

non-stop peeing: vasopressin inhibition - inc urine output when BAC rising

flushed skin: peripheral dilator- skin feels warm and turns red but actual dec in core T

drunk munchies: reduced leptin

disrupts REM sleep

impairs memory- reduced glutamate

hangover - Ach build up

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2
Q

BAC 0.02-0.03

A

mood elevation

slight muscle relaxation

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3
Q

BAC 0.05-0.06

A

re;axation and warmth
inc rxn time
dec fine muscle coordination and alertness

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4
Q

BAC 0.08-0.09

A

cannot operate vehicle
impaired balance, speech, vision, hearing, muscle coordination
euphoria, exaggerated emotions

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5
Q

BAC .14-.15

A

loss of judgement - poor decisions

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6
Q

BAC 0.2-0.3

A

blackout drunk

severly intoxicated, conscious but unaware of surroundings

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7
Q

BAC 0.4-0.5

A

unconscious, deep coma, death from respiratory depression

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8
Q

NEVER take _____ with alcohol

A

tylenol!!

liver damage

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9
Q

when alcohol taken with _______ the cumulative effects are greater

A

benzodiazepines
barbiturates
opiates
marijuana

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10
Q

what does alcohol decrease effects of

A

antibiotics
anticonvulsants
anticoagulants
MAO inhibitors

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11
Q

what increases the effects of alcohol

A

oral contraceptives - hormonal birth control

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12
Q

characteristics of hangovers

A

-symptoms begin when BAC drops significantly r is near/at zero

fatigue and weakness, excessive thirst, dry mouth, headaches, muscle aches, nausea, dec sleep, inc sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness, shakiness

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13
Q

what can cause hangovers

A

acute withdrawal
accumulations of acetylaldehyde and or acetate
diret effects of alcohol
other chemicals in alcoholic beverages

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14
Q

types of tolerance associated with alcohol use

A
acute
metabolic
pharmacodynamic 
behavioral
cross - with other drugs
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15
Q

occurs within single exposure to alcohol

drug effects greater while BAC rising and smaller when it is falling

A

acute tolerance

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16
Q

inc in CYP450 liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize the alcohol
less intoxicated bc lower concentrations

A

metabolic tolerance

17
Q

neurons adapt to the continued presence of alcohol by making compensatory changes in cell function
inc NMDA receptors
dec GABA A receptors

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance

18
Q

dangers of heavy alcohol use

A

cardiovascular disease
liver cirrhosis: scarring (swelling, infections, malnutrition, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, bone disease, inc risk of liver cancer

19
Q

wernicke-korsakoff’s syndrome

A

thiamine (B1) deficiency
caused by damage to mamillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus, frontal cortex
anterograde amnesia - cannot form new memories

alcohol prevents absorption of B1

20
Q

alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

8-10 hrs: anxiety, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain
1-3 days: high BP, inc T
1 week: seizures and DTs
kindling

21
Q

Delirium tremens (DTs)

A

usually strat 2-5 days after last drink - can be fatal

symptoms: shaking, confusion high BP, fever, seizures, agitation, hallucinations

22
Q

kindling

A

inc glutamate and reduced GABA during withdrawal leads to seizure activity

23
Q

psychological factors - alcohol use disorder (AUD)

A

-response to stress
(it relieves subjective effects of stress but also activates stress in brain)
-high comorbidity of anxiety disorders and AUD
stress early in life is risk for alcohol abuse as adult

24
Q

ethanol sensitivity schuckit

A

men who later developed AUD showed reduced response to alcohol for each
-low response rate increased risk for AUD fourfold regardless of family history

ppl who metabolize it faster are more likely to have AUD

25
5 treatment methods
detoxification, psychosocial rehabilitation, pharmacotherapeutic, disulfiram, naltrexone
26
detoxification
benzodiazepines like librium or valium are given to prevent alochol withdrawal symptoms inc GABA function
27
psychosocial rehabilitation
programs to prevent relapse - individual and group therapy - residential alcohol-free treatment settings - self help groups like AA
28
pharmacotherapeutic treatment
2 strategies: making drinking unpleasant and reduce alcohol's reinforcing qualities
29
disulfiram
``` inhibits ALDH (converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid) - drinking even an ounze of alcohol results in vomiting, nausea ```
30
naltrexone
opioid receptor antagonist reduces alcohol consumption and improves abstinence rates reduces positive feeling and subjective high by blocking endorphin release