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Drugs and Behavior > Exam 1: Introduction to Drugs and Behavior > Flashcards

Exam 1: Introduction to Drugs and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

___ is an administered chemical substance (not food) that can influence physiological function in order to ___ ___ and ___ physical or mental health

A

drug

restore, maintain, enhance

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2
Q

the study of drugs and their actions and effects on living systems is

A

pharmacology

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3
Q

the study of drug effects on mood, perception, cognition, behavior

A

psychopharmacology

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4
Q

drugs that have effects on mood, perception, cognition, and behavior by acting on the central nervous system !!!

A

psychoactive drugs

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5
Q

is tylenol a psychoactive drug?

A

no! it does not cross the BBB

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6
Q

___% adults in the US take prescription drugs

A

66

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7
Q

___% of people who use illegal drugs prior to age 13 develop substance abuse disorders

A

70

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8
Q

2 ways of using drugs?

A

instrumental and recreational

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9
Q

taking prescribed or over the counter drugs to relieve symptoms
most therapeutic drugs

A

instrumental drug use

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10
Q

drinking coffee to feel awake

take antibiotics for strep throat

A

examples of instrumental drug use

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11
Q

using a drug without medical justification of psychoactive effects for fun
issues related to drug dependence often arise when a drug is used recreationally

A

recreational drug use

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12
Q

legal use: 21 yr old drinking alcohol

illegal use: using LSD to experience perception changes use of drug

A

recreational drug use

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13
Q

generic name

A

nonproprierty name that classifies a drug in a given category and distinguishes it from other drugs in a category
EX: Ketamine HCl

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14
Q

chemical name

A

details chemical structure per rules set by international Union of Pure and applied chemistry
ex: 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)….

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15
Q

trade names

A

brand name - trade marked name for drug assigned by company that created drug
ex: Ketaset

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16
Q

street names

A

used by individuals who made, use, or sell drugs for recreational use
ex: special K, K, Kit Kat, Vitamin K, Cat Valium

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17
Q

non-legend drugs

A

over the counter drugs

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18
Q

legend drugs

A

approved by the US FDA and state/federal law

  • require prescription
  • noncontrolled drugs have no potential for abuse (antibiotics, BP meds, insulin)
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19
Q

controlled substances

A

have potential for abuse and regulated by DEA

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20
Q

licit drugs

A

legal drug prescribed by physician

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21
Q

illicit drugs

A

illegal drugs

22
Q

2 types of controlled substances

A

licit and illicit

23
Q

Schedule of controlled substances

A

Class 1-5 with Class 1 being most dangerous and most addictive
Class 5 is least dangerous and least addictive

24
Q

List the history of drug laws in chronological order

A
  1. pure food and drug act
  2. harrison narcotics act
  3. 18th amendment to constitution (prohibition)
  4. marijuana tax act
  5. presidential commission on narcotics and drug abuse
  6. controlled substances act
25
Q

FDA administration created to regulate and enforce labeling ingredients on drugs
- no restrictions on drug use just tell ppl what is in things

A

pure food and drug act

26
Q

passed in response to growing drug abuse problem in US

  • non medical use of opium and cocaine banned
  • needed to be prescribed certain drugs in order to get them
A

harrison narcotics act

27
Q

banned sale and distribution of alcohol

repealed in 1933

A

18th amendment to constitution (prohibition)

28
Q

marijuana taxed highly
effectively criminalized possession/growth of marijuana
- how often and how much used had to be reported

A

marijuana tax act

29
Q

called for congressional support of addiction treatment and start of the “war on drugs”

A

presidential commission on narcotics and drug abuse

30
Q

created DEA

drug schedules/classes created and regulated by DEA

A

controlled substances act

31
Q

drug development process

A
  • takes 10-12 yrs to get from lab to patients
  • cost in successful drug $2.6 billion
  • drug discovery and development (3-6yrs)
  • preclinical trials
  • clinical trials
  • FDA approval
32
Q

Phases of a clinical trial

A

4
1,2,3 before the drug is approved for widespread use
4: for long term consequences
btwn 3 and 4 is when approval occurs

33
Q
  • takes several months
  • purpose; safety and dosing
  • participants: 20-80 healthy ppl with NO underlying conditions
    70% will move to next phase
    looks at how the drug interacts with the human body - side effects (at what dose to bad things begin to happen)
A

phase 1 of clinical trial

34
Q
  • several months to 2yrs
  • purpose: efficacy, dosing, side effects
  • participants: hundreds of ppl WITH disease
    33% drugs move to next phase
    what dose do you start to see benefits in treatment
  • if it does not work or it is not better than existing treatments it will not go through to next phase
A

phase 2 of clinical trial

35
Q
  • 1 to 4 yrs
  • purpose: efficacy and safety
  • participants: 300-3000 with disease
    compare drug efficacy to other treatments
A

phase 3 of clinical trial

36
Q
  • purpose: long term safety and efficacy
  • participants: thousands with the condition
  • carried out during post-market safety monitoring
    post approval
A

phase 4 of clinical trial

37
Q

inactive metabolites

A

excreted by kidneys or bile

38
Q

active metabolites

A

returns to blood and has own biological actions in body (psychoactive)

  • effect can be weaker or stronger than parent drug
  • wit methamphetamine - parent drug is stronger
39
Q

drugs administered in an inactive form that needs to be metabolized to become active

A

prodrug

40
Q

factors effecting drug metabolism (3)

A

drug competition
genetic polymorphisms
age,sex,nutrient levels

41
Q

elevated levels of one drug reduce metabolism of the second, causing potentially toxic levels
ex: alcohol and valium both compete for cytochromep450 (when taken together effects increase)

A

drug competition

42
Q

contribute to variety in metabolism

caused by changes in DNA

A

genetic polymorphism

ex: some asians getting “asian glow” and vomiting with alcohol

42
Q

contribute to variety in metabolism

caused by changes in DNA

A

genetic polymorphism

ex: some asians getting “asian glow” and vomiting with alcohol

43
Q

the last pharmacokinetic step

A

excretion

44
Q

ways drugs can be excreted (6)

A

sweat, feces, saliva, breath, breast milk, urine

45
Q

kidney function

A

filter water soluble materials from blood unless large or bound to plasma proteins
excreted as urine (common route)

46
Q

drug elimination from the blood is usually through ______

A

first-order kinetics

constant fraction removed, exponential

47
Q

the more drug present…

A

the faster you metabolize it

48
Q

amount of time required to remove 50% of the drug from the blood

A

half life

49
Q

some drugs eliminated according to____

A

zero order kinetics

50
Q

drug is cleared at a constant rate regardless of amount of drug consumed or concentration of drug in blood
linear
ex: alcohol

A

zero order kinetics

Drugs and Behavior (27 decks)

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