Exam 1: Quiz 1: Pharmacodynamics Pt. 1

Question 1

drug effects that can be directly observed by others

ex: stumbling when drunk

Answer 1

objective effects

Question 2

drug effects felt by individual but not directly observed by others
ex: seeing the world is spinning from alcohol

Answer 2

subjective effects

Question 3

a drugs mechanism of action

Answer 3

pharmacodynamics

Question 4

gap between 2 neurons

where chemical communication occurs

Answer 4

synaptic cleft

Question 5

____ in the axon provide energy for facilitating ion pumping and transmitter release

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

area of the dendritic membrane facing the synaptic cleft with many neurotransmitter receptors

Answer 6

postsynaptic density

Question 7

sequence of synaptic transmission (6)

Answer 7

1. action potential arrives at axon terminal
2. voltage gated Ca channels open, Ca ions enter
3. synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into cleft
4. transmitter crosses cleft and binds to postsynaptic receptors, opening ion channels
5. ion flow creates EPSP or IPSP
6. transmitter inactivated by enzymes or removed by transporters

Question 8

lipid and gaseous transmitters typically released by postsynaptic rather than presynaptic cell

Answer 8

retrograde messengers

Question 9

2 major categories of transmitter receptors

Answer 9

ionotropic and metabotropic

Question 10

ionotropic receptor

Answer 10

when molecule binds the channel opens and allows ion flow

Question 11

what do excitatory channels do on ionotropic receptors

Answer 11

depolarization
ex: nicotinic Ach receptors
Na channel

Question 12

what do inhibitory channels of ionotropic receptorss do?

Answer 12

repolarization
ex: GABA A receptor
Cl ion channel

Question 13

which receptor group is faster, ionotropic or metabotropic?

Answer 13

ionotropic

Question 14

how many subunits are in ionotropic vs meabotropic

Answer 14

ionotropic= 4-5
metabotropic = 1

Question 15

G proteins act in 2 ways:

Answer 15

1. inhibit or activate ion channels

2. stimulate or inhibit effector enzymes in membrane that synthesize or break down 2nd messengers

Question 16

activated by neurotransmitter; inhibit further neurotransmitter release

Answer 16

terminal autoreceptors

Question 17

on cell bodies or dendrites and slow the rate of neuron firing which reduces the rate of transmitter release

Answer 17

somatodendritic autoreceptors