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Psychology > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

Trait Theory

A

Emphasizes the significance of human traits in the study of human personality

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3
Q

Type Theory

A

Emphasizes the significance of distinct types of personality

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4
Q

Four Humors

A

Someone’s general mood/attitude is based on the four senses of humor (fluids)

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5
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy

A

Self actualization and basic needs are met

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6
Q

id

A

Basic impulses (sex and aggression) seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive (unconscious)

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7
Q

ego

A

Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitors (conscious)

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8
Q

superego

A

Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person’s conscience. (precociousness)

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9
Q

openness

A

Imaginative, likes variety, independent

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10
Q

conscientiousness

A

Organized, careful, disciplined

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11
Q

extraversion

A

sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

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12
Q

Agreeableness

A

soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

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13
Q

neuroticism

A

anxious, insecure

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14
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

Personal factors influence environmental factors influence behaviors

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15
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

Overvaluing the dispositional attribution and undervaluing the situational attribution (individualistic cultures)

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16
Q

dispositional attribution

A

its because of the way we are

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17
Q

situational attribution

A

Its because of the situation their in

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18
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

It happens when attitudes and actions don’t align

19
Q

Stanly Milgrams Study of Obedience to Authority

A

How far people will go if an authority figure is telling us to, and cognitive dissonance

20
Q

Asch’s conformity study

A
21
Q

normative social influence

A

we are influenced by our need to gain approval and avoid disapproval

22
Q

informative social influence

A

we are influenced by other people’s perceptions of reality

23
Q

Jane’s Blue-eyed Brown-eyed experiment

A

the social construction of race and impact on social discrimination

24
Q

social identity theory

A

a large part of our self-concept is based on our membership in certain social groups and our perceptions of people who aren’t

25
Q

prejudice

A

and unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

26
Q

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

Intimacy, Commitment, Passion

27
Q

explicit prejudice

A

prejudice that we know about and recognize

28
Q

implicit prejudice

A

Prejudice that we are not always consciously aware of but that still impacts our behavior
ex/ picking a job candidate

29
Q

stereotype

A

generalized beliefs about a group of people

30
Q

discrimination

A

acting in negative and unjustifiable ways toward members of the group

31
Q

just-world-phenomenon

A

Wanting to believe that the world is fair and, therefore, people get what they deserve

32
Q

in-group bias

A

tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with

33
Q

out-group bias

A

tendency to belittle or dislike members of groups that we don’t identify with

34
Q

bystander effect

A

diffusion of responsibility

35
Q

social exchange theory

A

Social behavior is an exchange process, we aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs

36
Q

reciprocity norm

A

the expectation that we should return help to those who have helped us

37
Q

social-responsibility norm

A

we should help those who need our help even if the costs outweigh the benefits

38
Q

self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Beliefs that confirm themselves by influencing the other country to react in ways that seem to justify those beliefs.

39
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goal that can only be achieved through cooperation

40
Q

three-step memory model

A

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

41
Q

sensory memories

A

just long enough for use to process that information in the moment

42
Q

short-term memory

A

originally just thought of as a storage space

43
Q
A

Psychology (24 decks)

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