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BIOL 213 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following individuals is credited with using the word “cell” to describe the microscopic compartments of living organisms

a. Schleiden and Schwan
b. Robert Hooke
c. James Watson
d. Alexander Hamilton
e. Antoni Leeuwenhoek

A

B. Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Which of the following individuals are credited with developing the cell-based theory of life?

a. Schleiden and Schwan
b. Hooke and Leewenhoek
c. Watson and Crick
d. Washington and Hamilton
e. Singer and Nicolson

A

A Schleiden and Schwan

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3
Q

Assume you wanted to purify and study the enzyme citrate synthase from the Citric Acid Cycle. Which method
would use to isolate intact mitochondria?

a. transmission electron microscopy
b. subcellular fractionation
c. fluorescent microscopy
d. patch/clamp analysis
e. thin-layer chromatography

A

B Subcellular fractionation

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4
Q

An amoeba is a single-celled eukaryote. Why can’t it grow to the size of a football?

a. Its volume would grow faster than its surface area making exchange of wastes and nutrients inefficient.
b. Its surface area would expand faster than its volume causing nutrients and wastes to transfer too fast.
c. It would require too much DNA.
d. It could not escape predators.
e. They can reach such sizes, one is oozing up your leg right now!

A

A

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5
Q

Which of the following is used to visualize labeled (or dyed) structures and molecules?

a. transmission electron microscopy
b. subcellular fractionation
c. fluorescent microscopy
d. A and B only
e. All of the above

A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following would be most useful in studying surface structures of a specimen?

a. brightfield microscopy.
b. fluorescent microscopy.
c. cell fractionation.
d. scanning electron microscopy.
e. transmission electron microscopy

A

D

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7
Q

A prokaryotic cell does not have a _______ or _______.

a. endomembrane system; membrane-bound organelles
b. nucleus; DNA
c. nucleus; ribosomes
d. nucleus; plasma membrane
e. cell wall; plasma membrane

A

A

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8
Q

Which of following would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. complex cytoskeleton
d. peptidoglycan cell wall
e. ribosomes

A

C

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9
Q

The benefit of organelles within a cell is?

a. provide structural support for the cell.
b. decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
c. increase the efficiency and compartmentalization of cellular activities.
d. provide a means of cellular reproduction.
e. increase the effective volume the cell.

A

C

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10
Q

Which of the following structures or organelles is directly involved in phagocytosis?

a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. central vacuole
d. lysosome
e. glyoxysome

A

D

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11
Q

You would not expect to find cellular RNA associated with which of the following structures?

a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Chloroplast
d. Ribosome
e. Lysosome

A

E

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is FALSE?

a. It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
b. It is composed of two membranes (a double membrane).
c. It is associated with a cytoskeletal network known as nuclear lamina.
d. It is absent in prokaryotic cells
e. it contains all the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell.

A

E

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13
Q

A cell has the following molecules and structures: a rigid cellulose-based cell wall, nuclear envelope, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

a. a bacterium.
b. an animal, but not a plant.
c. a plant, but not an animal.
d. a plant or an animal.
e. none of the above.

A

C

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14
Q

Which of the following structures contains up to 50 hydrolytic enzymes and is necessary for intracellular
“digestion”?

a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. central vacuole
d. lysosome
e. glyoxysome

A

D

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15
Q

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

a. nucleolus; formation of cytoskeletal structures.
b. ribosome; protein synthesis
c. nuclear lamina; DNA replication and nuclear structure
d. Golgi; protein modification and sorting
e. central vacuole; fluid (water) storage

A

A

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16
Q

One difference between plant and animal cells is that?

a. only animal cells contain visible centrioles.
b. only animal cells contain mitochondria.
c. plant cells have smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whereas animal cells have rough and smooth ER.
d. plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.
e. only plant cells have peroxisomes

A

A

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17
Q

A protein complex in the cytosol of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes that degrades (breaks down) cellular proteins
into amino acids is the?

a. basal body.
b. nucleolus.
c. anti-ribosome.
d. proteasome
e. plastid.

A

D

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18
Q

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in aerobic respiration. If an animal cell is exposed to
cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the?

a. ribosomes.
b. mitochondria.
c. peroxisomes.
d. lysosomes.
e. endoplasmic reticulum.

A

B

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19
Q

Peroxisomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they

a. oxidize (break-down) toxic by-products of metabolism and foreign materials.
b. synthesize lipids and fats.
c. have their own DNA molecules.
d. produce ATP
e. store water and wastes

A

A

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20
Q

Which of the following would contain stroma and thylakoids?

a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria.
c. golgi.
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e. plastids.

A

E

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21
Q

Which of the following would you find in mitochondria?

a. grana and thylakoids.
b. chromatin and nucleoplasm.
c. cristae and matrix.
d. a trans region and a cis region.
e. lysosomes and phagosomes.

A

C

22
Q

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is FALSE

a. They are made of tubulin dimers
b. They spin 360 degrees at the base causing motion
c. They require the hydrolysis of ATP to accomplish motion
d. They require the molecular motor dynein
e. They move the cell through the environment

A

B

23
Q

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can be connected by?

a. desmosomes.
b. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.
c. the semirigid cell wall.
d. gap junctions.
e. an internal cytoskeleton

A

D

24
Q

Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?

a. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells.
b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes similar to that of bacteria.
c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission, similar to most bacteria.
d. Mitochondrial and plastids are surrounded by two membranes, similar to gram negative bacteria.
e. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have flagella, similar to motile bacteria.

A

E

25
Q

Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the separation of the contents into discrete
layers based on density. Suppose you isolate one layer rich in ribosomes and protein synthesis. It most likely contains
the contents of the?

a. Cytosol
b. Mitochondria
c. Lysosomes
d. Golgi bodies
e. Thylakoids

A

A

26
Q

A cell type produces and secretes a large amount of a protein hormone such as insulin. You would expect such
cells to have a large amount of?

a. extracellular matrix.
b. intermediate filaments.
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
e. lysosomes.

A

C

27
Q

A child diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease would have a deficiency in which of the following?

a. mitochondria.
b. myelination of axons.
c. intermediate filaments
d. lysosomes
e. cholesterol production

A

D

28
Q

Plant seeds store energy in the form of lipids/oils which are converted to acetyl-CoA in variations of the
peroxisome known as?

a. Nucleoli
b. Mitochondria
c. Glyoxysomes
d. Centrioles
e. Plastids

A

C

29
Q

If you isolated the plasma membrane from a eukaryotic cell, which of the following biological class of molecules
would you NOT find?

a. Nucleic acids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Lipids
e. All of the above.

A

A

30
Q

cholesterol

A

E

31
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

A

32
Q

peripheral protein

A

D

33
Q

cytoskeleton

A

C

34
Q

Which of the following statements about cholesterol molecules is FALSE?

a. They are soluble in hydrophobic membranes.
b. They are flat planar molecules.
c. They attach to carbohydrates.
d. They prevent close packing (freezing) of membranes at low temps.
e. They increase stability of the membrane at high temps

A

C

35
Q

A cytoskeleton structure that holds cells together strongly and resists mechanical stress is?

a. gap junction
b. tight junction
c. desmosome
d. plasmodesmata
e. integrin

A

C

36
Q

Which of the following statements concerning muscle contraction is TRUE?

a. It requires actin, a form of microfilament.
b. It requires large amounts of ATP
c. It is triggered by Calcium release within the cell
d. Answers A and B are correct
e. All of the above are correct.

A

E

37
Q

Assume you have 2 solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Solution A is 0.5M glucose whereas
solution B is 0.1 M glucose and 0.6 M dextran. Relative to solution B, solution A is?

a. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. answers A and B are correct
e. answers all of the above

A

B

38
Q

If human red blood cells are suspended in a hypotonic buffer solution, what will happen?

a. water will enter the cells and they will burst.
b. water will leave the cells and they will dehydrate
c. there will be no apparent change.
d. the cells will maintain water balance using osmosis
e. the cells will maintain water balance using endocytosis

A

A

39
Q

Which of the following describes the active transport process by which certain cells take in, or exchange, fluids?

a. Pinocytosis
b. The sodium–potassium pump
c. Hydrocytosis
d. Exocytosis
e. Phagocytosis

A

A

40
Q

For each molecule of ATP consumed during active transport of sodium and potassium, there is an import of
_______ ion(s) and an export of _______ ion(s).

a. two Na+; three K+
b. two Na+; one K+
c. one K+; three Na+
d. two K+; three Na+
e. three K+; two Na+

A

D

41
Q

One result of the unequal movement of ions across the membrane is the creation of a membrane potential. The
membrane potential is

a. a charge imbalance across the plasma membrane.
b. created by the action of transporters such as the sodium-potassium pump.
c. is used by many primary active transport symporters and antiporters to move molecules.
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct

A

D

42
Q

Suppose a scientist was discussing a “sodium/glucose” symporter they identified in a eukaryotic cell. Which
statement(s) are true?

a. the sodium ion and glucose are moving the same direction across the membrane.
b. it would directly catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP.
c. the sodium ion and glucose must be moving out of the cell.
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct.

A

A

43
Q

A nonpolar molecule such as a steroid hormone usually binds to a

a. cytoplasmic (intracellular) receptor.
b. protein kinase.
c. ion channel.
d. phospholipid.
e. second messenger.

A

A

44
Q

Which of the following removes phosphate groups from a protein?

a. protein kinase.
b. adenylyl cyclase.
c. phosphatase
d. phosphodiesterase.
e. phospholipase.

A

C

45
Q

Which of the following is false?

a. Cells are bombarded with numerous signals, but they respond to only a few.
b. A cell’s receptors determine whether or not the cell will respond to a signal.
c. Receptor proteins cannot be channel proteins.
d. Cells can express multiple classes or types of signal receptor proteins.
e. Receptors usually undergo conformational change when bound to a signal/ligand

A

C

46
Q

Which of the following does NOT happen when a ligand (signal) binds to a G-protein linked receptor?

a. An associated G-protein complex is activated and dissociates.
b. The receptor dissociates from a cytoplasmic chaperone complex and becomes active
c. GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP
d. A primary signaling response could be produced/activated
e. A secondary signaling response could be produced/activated

A

B

47
Q

A benefit of the many steps involved in protein kinase cascades is that they allow for

a. multiple signals to intersect.
b. amplification of the signal.
c. information to be communicated to multiple compartments within the cell.
d. variation in the response from one cell type to another.
e. all of the above

A

E

48
Q

Which of the following are important secondary signaling molecules?

a. cAMP
b. Ca2+
c. Inositol triphosphate.
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct

A

E

49
Q

Which of the following is a secondary signaling molecule and a gas?

a. cAMP
b. Ca2+
c. Nitric oxide
d. Phosphatidyl inositol.
e. Diacyl glycerol.

A

C

50
Q

Which of the following terms describes a type of cell signal that affects the cell, or cell type, that made it?

a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine.
c. Endocrine.
d. Hormonal.
e. None of the above.

A

B

BIOL 213 (13 decks)

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