Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 213 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Uracil

A

only found in RNA, replaces adenine and pairs with thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA

A

genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pre-mRNA

A

primary mRNA transcript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mRNA

A

RNA polymerase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tRNA

A

RNA polymerase 3, the adapter molecule that links information in mRNA codons with specific amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rRNA

A

RNA polymerase 1 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

snRNA

A

small nuclear RNA, responsible for splicing of introns from primary genomic transcripts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transcription

A

DNA to RNA, same chemical language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

translation

A

RNA to protein, different chemical language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

central dogma of molecular biology

A

Biological information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RNA polymerase

A

catalyze synthesis of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nucleic acids

A

a class of biological molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

amino acids

A

Building blocks for proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

proteins

A

A biological class of molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA polymerase II

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intron

A

noncoding sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

exon

A

coding sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

template strand

A

one of the two strands of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RNA splicing

A

Removes introns and splices exons together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5’ cap

A

one end of the DNA strand

21
Q

3’ poly-A tail

A

other end of the DNA strand

22
Q

poly-A signal sequence

A

The sequence motif recognized by the RNA cleavage complex

23
Q

spliceosome

A

A large RNA-protein complex that catalyses the removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNA

24
Q

small nuclear robinuclear proteins

A

snRNP: combine with unmodified pre-mRNA is a core component of the spliceosome, the molecular machinery for pre-mRNA

25
alternative splicing (exon shuffling)
two or more exons from different genes can be brought together ectopically, or the same exon can be duplicated, to create a new exon-intron structure
26
TAP
TAP protein binds to the 5' end; this binds to other proteins that are recognized by receptors at the nuclear pore
27
promoter
a special sequence of DNA. Tells RNA polymerase where to start and which strand of DNA to transcribe
28
terminator
sequence of DNA that marks the end of a gene or operon in transcription
29
transcriptional unit
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a single RNA molecule, along with the sequences necessary for its transcription
30
TATA box
Indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded
31
transcription factors
proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA
32
codon
a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
33
wobble hypothesis
attributes the phenomenon of codon degeneracy to a certain impreciseness of pairing between the third base of codon and the first base of the anticodon
34
AUG (methionine)
Start codon
35
start codons
A specific series of nucleotides that codes to start translation
36
stop codons
a specific series of three nucleotides that signals to halt protein synthesis
37
open reading frame (ORF)
the length of DNA, or RNA, which is transcribed into RNA, through which a ribosome can travel, adding one amino acid after another before it runs into a codon that doesn't code for any amino acid
38
anticodon
a unit of 3 nucleotides that are complementary to a mRNA codon
39
ribosomes
bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins
40
large subunit
part of ribosome that catalyzes peptide bond formation
41
small subunit
part of ribosome that decodes the genetic message
42
A site
In the ribosome, a site accepts the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
43
P site
In the ribosome, p site holds the tRNA with the peptide attached, which is to be transferred to the new amino acid residue in the course of the peptidyltransferase reaction
44
E site
In the ribosome, the exit of the tRNA exits at the e site
45
polyribosomes
a group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule like "beads" on a "thread"
46
aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
substrates for translation and are pivotal in determining how the genetic code is interpreted as amino acids
47
signal sequence
a sequence of amino acid residues bound at the amino terminus of a nascent protein during protein translation
48
signal recognition particle
binds to the signal sequence of newly synthesized peptide as it emerges from the ribosome, it targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes
49
nascent protein
extended into a tunnel or cavity within the large ribosomal unit as they are formed by the successive addition of amino acids to the N-terminus

BIOL 213 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions