Chapter 18 Flashcards
Restriction endonucleases (enzyme)
enzymes that recognize a specific DNA sequence, called a restriction site, and cleave the DNA within or adjacent to that site
DNA Ligase
enzymes required for the repair, replication, and recombination of DNA
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA
Plasmid
a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA, naturally exist in bacterial cells and they also occur in some eukaryotes
Selectable marker
a gene introduced into a cell, especially a bacterium or to cells in culture, that confers a trait suitable for artificial selection
blue-white color screening
rapid and efficient technique for the identification of recombinant bacteria. It relies on the activity of beta-galactosidase
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction, laboratory technique for rapidly producing millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA which can then be studied in greater detail
Chain termination sequencing
method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA
DNA Hybridization
process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule, gives us best quality genetic makeup in hybrid
microarray
involves binding an array of thousands to millions of known nucleic acid fragments to a solid surface, referred to as a “chip”
cDNA
synthetic DNA that has been transcribed from a specific mRNA through a reaction using the enzyme reverse transcriptase
cDNA library
a collection of cloned DNA sequences that are complementary to mRNA that was extracted from an organism or tissue
genomic DNA library
A collection of DNA segments (clones) from the species of interest, inserted in a microbial vector, this library can be screened with a labeled probe of known sequence to select clones containing the same or similar sequences
