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BIOL 213 > Exam 1 (Chapters 1,3,4,13) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Chapters 1,3,4,13) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

A

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, organism

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2
Q

Which of the following is/are features of scientific hypotheses?
a. They are based on observations.
b. They make predictions
c. They can be tested by experimentation
d. Answers A and B
e. all of the above

A

E

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3
Q

Who first described the “Cell Theory” of all life?

A

Schleiden and Schwann

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4
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?
a. They evolve.
b. They can harness energy and use it to create complex molecules and structures.
c. They move within their environment.
d. Answers A and B are correct.
e. All of the above are correct.

A

D

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5
Q

Which of the following functional groups is frequently transferred from one molecule to another and is considered the “energy currency” of living cells?
a. carboxyl
b. amino.
c. hydroxyl.
d. phosphate.
e. ketone.

A

D

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6
Q

Molecules containing an amino group would be?
a. a weak base.
b. a weak acid.
c. involved in reactions forming more simple molecules.
d. nonpolar and non-charged.
e. highly insoluble in water.

A

A

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7
Q

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?
a. Monosaccharide/triglyceride
b. Amino acid/protein
c. Triglyceride/cellulose
d. Nucleotide/polysaccharide e. Monosaccharide/protein

A

B

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8
Q

During the formation of a peptide linkage, a(n) _______ is/are formed. a. molecule of water
b. covalent bond
c. disulfide bond
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of above are correct

A

D

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8
Q

Enzymes are usually?
a. DNA.
b. lipids.
c. proteins.
d. carbohydrates.
e. amino acids.

A

C

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9
Q

Which of the following amino acid(s) would be described as non-polar and hydrophobic?
a. Leucine
b. Aspartic acid
c. Serine
d. Arginine
e. Tyrosine

A

A

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10
Q

Which of the following amino acid(s) would be described as electrically charged (ionic)?
a. Leucine
b. Arginine
c. Methionine
d. Cysteine
e. Threonine

A

B

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT found in every amino acid?
a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. sulfur
d. oxygen
e. hydrogen

A

C

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12
Q

Which of the following general statements about proteins is FALSE?
a. Some function as enzymes.
b. They can form structural components of the cell.
c. They possess peptide linkages between amino acids.
d. They are highly insoluble in water.
e. They are necessary for immune function in humans (antibodies).

A

D

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13
Q

The amino acid Cysteine may be involved in what unique bond?
a. peptide bond
b. disulfide bond
c. hydrophobic interactions d. glycosidic bond
e. phosphodiester bond

A

B

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14
Q

The “C” terminus of a polypeptide is?
a. the first amino acid
b. the last amino acid
c. an amino acid with a free amino group
d. an amino acid with a free sulfhydryl group
e. all of the above are correct.

A

B

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15
Q

The tertiary shape of a folded protein is influenced by
a. the sequence of its amino acids.
b. hydrogen bonds
c. hydrophobic interactions
d. ionic interactions between R-groups.
e. all of the above are correct.

A

E

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16
Q

The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged in a helix. This secondary structure is stabilized
primarily by
a. covalent bonds.
b. peptide bonds.
c. glycosidic linkages.
d. hydrogen bonds.
e. polar bonds.

A

D

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17
Q

The protein hemoglobin has four separate polypeptide subunits and a heme group. This level of protein structure (or folding) is known as?
a. primary.
b. secondary.
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. none of the above are correct

A

D

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18
Q

Which of the following environmental factors influences protein folding
a. pH
b. temperature
c. molecular chaperones
d. concentrations of other polar molecules.
e. all of the above

A

E

19
Q

L-amino acids and D-amino acids differ from each other in what manner?
a. they are enantiomers of each other
b. L-amino acids are biologically active, D-amino acids are not
c. D-amino acids are more hydrophobic than L-amino acids
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct

A

D

19
Q

Three monomers of glucose (C6H12O6) are bonded together by condensation (dehydration) reactions to form an oligosaccharide with 2 glycosidic bonds. The new molecular formula is?
a. C6H10O5
b. C18H32O16
c. C18H36O18
d. C16H32O16
e. C12H24O12

A

B

20
Q

Which of the following has the molecular formula of C6H12O6?
a. sucrose.
b. an amino acid.
c. fructose.
d. a fatty acid.
e. none of the above

A

C

21
Q

The difference between α- and β-glucose is
a. in the placement of OH and H atoms or isomerism.
b. in the number of covalent bonds present
c. in the type of R group attached to the terminal carbon.
d. that α-glucose is polar, whereas β-glucose is nonpolar.
e. that α-glucose is a pentose, whereas β-glucose is a hexose.

A

A

22
Q

An abundant carbohydrate in plants is?
a. steroids.
b. glycogen.
c. RNA.
d. amino acids.
e. cellulose.

A

E

23
Q

A phospholipid contains which of the following?
a. fatty acids.
b. a polar head group
c. glycerol
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct

A

E

24
Q

You have two samples of triglycerides. Sample A has more carbon to carbon double bonds than found in
Sample B. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Sample A has a lower melting point.
b. Sample B is more saturated than Sample A.
c. Sample A is more unsaturated than Sample B.
d. Sample B contains more phospholipid than sample A
e. Both samples contain fatty acids and glycerol.

A

D

24
Q

Which statement about cholesterol is FALSE?
a. It is a lipid-derived molecule
b. It is soluble in water
c. It is required for animal cell membranes to function properly
d. It is related to the sterol class of hormone molecules in humans
e. Elevated cholesterol levels contribute to atherosclerosis and heart disease in humans.

A

B

25
Q

Eat your carrots your mother says, its good for your eyesight. Unless suffering from vitamin deficiency, that’s not really true but the light harvesting (pigmented) molecules like beta-carotene (which are converted into vitamin A) are derived from which class of biological molecules?
a. Amino acids
b. Alkaloids
c. Lipids
d. Carbohydrates
e. Nucleic Acids

A

C

26
Q

The bases of nucleic acids are purines or pyrimidines. Purines and pyrimidines are distinguished by the fact that
a. purines include the bases of guanine and adenine; pyrimidines include the bases of cytosine and thymine.
b. pyrimidines are found in RNA; purines are found in DNA.
c. purines consist of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, whereas pyrimidines have phosphorus, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
d. purines only have single bonds in their structure, whereas pyrimidines have both single and double bonds in their structure.
e. purines are single-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are double-ring structures.

A

A

27
Q

Ribose and deoxyribose are both found in nucleic acids. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that
a. ribose has one less oxygen molecule than deoxyribose has.
b. ribose is a pentose sugar, whereas deoxyribose is a hexose sugar.
c. deoxyribose is found in DNA, whereas ribose is found in RNA.
d. Both a and b
e. Both a and c

A

C

28
Q

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?
a. DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil.
b. Nucleotides in DNA are linked by phosphodiester bonds but RNA uses glycosidic bonds
c. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar.
d. DNA usually has two polynucleotide strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand.
e. In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U.

A

B

29
Q

In Frederick Griffith’s experiments, when heat-killed S strain (disease causing) pneumococci were
injected into a mouse along with live R strain (non-disease causing) pneumococci,
a. DNA from the live R was taken up by the heat-killed S, converting the latter to R and killing the mouse.
b. DNA from the heat-killed S was taken up by the live R, converting the latter to S and killing the mouse.
c. proteins released from the heat-killed S killed the mouse.
d. RNA from the heat-killed S was translated into proteins that killed the mouse.
e. DNA from heat-killed S was taken up by the live R, but R still did not cause disease in mice.

A

B

29
Q

The evidence suggesting that DNA is arranged in a double helix came from?
a. Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography data.
b. Erwin Chargaff’s observations of base compensation.
c. Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s studies of DNA as the transforming agent.
d. The Hershey‒Chase “blender” experiment with bacteriophage.
e. Studies examining the density of DNA after being made radioactive.

A

A

30
Q

The enzyme that unwinds the DNA prior to replication is called
a. DNA polymerase.
b. DNA ligase.
c. single-stranded DNA binding protein.
d. primase.
e. helicase.

A

E

30
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the synthesis of the lagging DNA strand? DNA polymerase III is the main DNA polymerase involved in DNA replication, DNA polymerase I is a repair polymerase.
a. Primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerase III creates a segment of new DNA, DNA polymerase I removes the primer, and ligase seals the gaps.
b. Primase adds primer, DNA polymerase I removes the primer, DNA polymerase III extends the segment, and ligase seals the gap.
c. Ligase adds bases to the primase, the primase generates polymerase I, polymerase III adds to the segment of new DNA, and helicase winds the DNA.
d. Primase creates a primer, DNA polymerase I elongates the segment of new DNA, helicase unwinds the DNA, DNA polymerase III removes the primer, and ligase seals the gaps in the DNA.
e. Primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerase III creates a segment of new DNA, helicase unwinds the DNA, DNA ligase ligates the DNA segments together.

A

A

31
Q

What is attached to the 3 ́-carbon of deoxyribose in DNA?
a. Adenine
b. Phosphate
c. Hydroxyl
d. Thymine
e. Hydrogen

A

C

32
Q

What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule:
T T A C G C T?
a. T T A C G C T
b. A A T G C G A
c. G G C A T A G
d. C C G T T A T
e. A G C G T A A

A

B

33
Q

The two strands of the DNA double helix are held to each other by which type of bond(s)?
a. peptide
b. ionic
c. van der waals
d. hydrogen
e. glycosidic

A

D

34
Q

The central dogma of molecular biology states that
a. the information flow in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein.
b. the information flow between DNA, RNA, and a protein is reversible.
c. the information flow in a cell is from DNA to a protein to RNA.
d. the information flow in a cell is from protein to RNA to DNA.
e. the genetic code is ambiguous

A

A

35
Q

A prerequisite for life on Earth or any other planet is
a. an energy source.
b. water.
c. genetic material.
d. answers A and B are correct
e. all of the above are correct

A

E

36
Q

what process is used to form polymers

A

dehydration

37
Q

What process is used to break polymers into monomers

A

hydrolysis

38
Q

Complete the analogy
Polar=
nonpolar=
basic=
acidic=

A

unequal charge
neutral
positively charged
negatively charged

39
Q

Properties of a hydroxyl

A

Alcohol, polar, hydrogen bonds, linkages with other molecules by dehydration

40
Q

Properties of a Carboxyl

A

Carboxylic acids, acidic, ionizes in living tissues, enters dehydration synthesis by giving up -OH, some important for energy reaction

41
Q

Properties of amines

A

Basic, accepts H+ in living tissues to form -NH_3+, can enter dehydration by giving up H+

42
Q

properties of organic phosphates

A

Negatively charged, can enter dehydration synthesis like carboxyl, when bonded

BIOL 213 (13 decks)

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