Exam 2 - Memory continued Flashcards
Memory Network-
Connectionist – giant _________ :
web
Connectionist – giant web:
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – concept or idea - Associative links – connections between concepts
Nodes
Connectionist – giant web:
- Nodes – concept or idea - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – connections between concepts
Associative links
_________ : when a node is receiving strong input and ‘fires’
Activation
_________ : point at which the node fires
Response threshold
Response threshold: point at which the node fires
-Activates itself and it’s –
neighbors
Spreading Activation -
Has to reach threshold to _________ node
activate
One can think of memories like a web
The more embedded a memory is in the web, the more likely that it will _________ around
stick
Improving memory is really better _________ your memories
organizing
Retrieval Cues -
Can ‘see’ network activation process when someone is having trouble _________ information
recalling
Semantic relationship between words primes people creating faster _________
reaction times
Our knowledge about an event or situation influences our _________
‘memory’
_________ -
Highly detailed, exceptionally vivid ‘snapshots’ of the moment and circumstances in which surprising news was heard
Flashbulb Memories
Flashbulb Memories -
While vivid, memories are often _________ (Neisser & Harsch, 1992)
inaccurate
Why are Flashbulb Memories so Bad?
Often, we incorporate _________ experiences into our original memories
later
_________ memories are more likely to be implanted
Plausible
Imagining memories are more likely to be _________
implanted
_________ : influence of receiving misinformation about a to-be-remembered event
Misinformation effect
Cognitive interviews
-Place individuals in the same psychological state as they were during the to-be-remembered event and give several _________ cues in hopes of activating memory network
retrieval
Arousal tends to be high during _________ events
- _________ enhances memory consolidation
traumatic memories tend to be better _________
- traumatic
- arousal
- remembered
_________ - even though you know there will be a change you still have a hard time finding it
-Change blindness
-Hit rate and false alarm rate are not _________ on each other - they are _________ of each other
- dependent
- independent
_________ - where you decide to say when something is noise vs the voice you want to hear
Bias
_________ - measure of space in between peeks of Signal Detection Theory curves
-a measure of sensitivity
d prime
a prime - same as d prime but on a more _________ scale
manageable/understandable
(a prime of yes/no = ____%)
.5/50
_________ Learning - Learning we use all the time, learning used while learning a new hobby or learning in school. Any learning where we are trying to learn or know that we are learning.
Explicit
_________ Learning - (learning to drive first time)
Implicit
Implicit Learning - (learning to drive first time)
- Cant _________ the process easily (cant tell how to ride a bike easily)
- _________ learning
- verbalize
- Motor
_________ - damage to one area, affects one area
Single Associations
_________ - two areas of the brain with two independent roles - independent systems
Double associations
Subcortical structures -
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - forming new memories
hippocampus
Subcortical structures -
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - motor control
basal ganglia
Subcortical structures -
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - sensory relay station
thalamus
Subcortical structures -
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - emotion regulation
amygdala
EEG - Benefits: faster response time ( _________ sensitivity)
Downside: Not very _________ , can only look at cortex - not deep into brain
- temporal
- specific
FMRI - Benefits: looks _________ into brain (structure and function), great spatial resolution
deep
_________ - Alter electrical activity in brain
TMS
