Exam 2 - Chapter 6 Flashcards
_________ – If we don’t have a word for something we cant think about it
Wharf hypothesis
_________ – can be split into a strong and weak argument
Wharf hypothesis
Wharf hypothesis -
_________ - If we don’t have a word for it than we can understand it – Bad Idea
_________ - Language can kind of influence our way of thinking about things – Good Idea
- Strong
- Weak
LTM is complicated—a lot of different memory _________
types
Working memory – Range of _________
seconds
Long term memory – Seconds to _________
infinity
_________ : the first few words are remembered
Primacy effect
_________ : the last few words are remembered
Recency effect
Serial position curve –
_________ effect: Long term memory
_________ effect: Short term memory
- Primacy
- Recency
Recency reflects what is in _________ memory
—previous items have been ‘_________’ out
- working
- bumped
Primacy reflects what is in _________
—mental rehearsal, _________ words get more attention
- LTM
- early
_________ related to long term memory
Primacy
_________ delay – sitting with nothing distracting during delay
Unfilled
_________ delay – having a task or something distracting during the delay
Filled
Slow presentation of the word list may _________ the Primacy Effect but not the Recency Effect
Improve
fMRI studies show hippocampal regions active when recalling _________ words on the list, but not for words at the _________ of list
- early
- end
_________ : the form in which stimuli are represented in the brain
Coding
_________ —keeping a pattern in WM visualizing a friend’s face
Visual coding
_________ —repeating a number in WM ‘hearing’ a song to remember the lyrics
Auditory coding
_________ —remembering numbers as a infamous year (e.g., 1492) getting the ‘gist’ of what someone is saying
Semantic coding
Henry Molaison (HM) (_________ )
epilepsy
Henry Molaison (HM) (epilepsy) - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ removed in both hemispheres
Hippocampus
Henry Molaison (HM) (epilepsy)
- Hippocampus removed in both hemispheres
- Working Memory intact, but could not transfer to _________
LTM
KF (_________)
semantic
KF (semantic)
- _________ damage from a motorcycle accident
Parietal lobe
KF (semantic)
Parietal lobe damage from a motorcycle accident
-Normal LTM, but poor _________ (digit span = 2 items)
WM
Clive Wearing
-Hippocampus damage due to herpesviral encephalitis (_________ )
brain inflammation
Clive Wearing
-Still able to play & conduct music, but can’t form new memories (‘wakes up every 20 seconds’)—can’t transfer WM to _________
LTM
Clive Wearing
Semantic memory intact, but _________ memory impaired
episodic
_________ – every day was like first time meeting doctors
Henry Molaison (HM)
_________ – separated memory in to components: episodic and semantic
Endel Tulving
_________ – special moment in life
Episodic
_________ – george washington facts
Semantic
Episodic (‘mental time travel’)—vivid/rich memories, including _________
emotion
Semantic (‘no travel’)—don’t often remember where you learned information…_________
just know it
_________- – means there’s two separate mechanism
Double dissociation
Semantic and Episodic are two different distinct types of _________
memory
Episodic can become _________
-Students cheating; breakups
semantic
Knowledge affects experience
- _________ knowledge guides experience—which affects _________ memory
- Semantic
- episodic
_________ : memory for ourselves that includes semantic and episodic
Autobiographical memory
Our sense of self drives what we attend to—can lead to memory _________
errors
_________ : memories that we are aware of, can verbalize
Explicit memories
_________ memories: memories that we may not be aware of, cannot verbalize
Implicit
Implicit memories: memories that we may not be aware of, _________ verbalize
-cannot
Explicit memories: memories that we are aware of, _________ verbalize
can
Perceptual learning:
_________ – We are really sensitive to our environment, we pick up on statistical regularities which effect how we act
Context effects
Perceptual learning:
Context effects – We are really sensitive to our environment, we pick up on statistical _________ which effect how we act
regularities
Explicit we can _________ explain
verbally
_________ -
-Often, thinking about them, impairs the memory
Procedural (Implicit) Memories
_________ -
Playing an instrument or video game
Procedural (Implicit) Memories
With amnesia _________ memory is still left intact
implicit
_________ – why you can tie a tie for yourself but not on someone else
Implicit memory
Procedural (_________) Memories
Implicit
_________ -
-HM buzzer hand doctor, didn’t want to shake his hand but didn’t know why
Procedural (Implicit) Memories
_________ : the presentation of one stimulus (priming stimulus) changes the response to another stimulus
Priming
Priming: the presentation of one stimulus (priming stimulus) _________ the response to another stimulus
changes
_________ – Something you’ve recently been talking about is more likely to come to mind or something you have seen more often in life
Priming
Priming – Something you’ve recently been talking about is more likely to come to _________ or something you have seen more often in life
mind
_________-
Participants scanned magazine articles, but weren’t told to pay attention to ads on the opposite page
Higher ratings given for ads that they were exposed to, compared to new ads
priming
Priming:
_________-
-People rate statements as being true, just because they have heard them before
Propaganda effect
Classical Conditioning
_________ memory
Implicit
