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Cognitive Psychology 317 > Exam 2 - Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ : a system of communication, using sounds or symbols, that enables us to express our thoughts, feelings, ideas and experiences

A

Language

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2
Q

Language: a system of communication, using sounds or symbols, that enables us to express our _________ , feelings, ideas and _________

A
  • thoughts

- experiences

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3
Q

Human Language:

-Goes far beyond _________ with a single message

A

signals

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4
Q

Human Language:

String together & arranges _________

A

symbols

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5
Q

Structure of language -

_________ —small units can be combined to form larger units

A

Hierarchical

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6
Q

Structure of language -

_________ —units are combined in particular ways

A

Rule governed

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7
Q

Human Language:

_________ —occurs whenever there are people

A

Universal

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8
Q

Every known culture has a language with strict _________

People learn/implement these rules without much – -

A
  • rules

- thought

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9
Q

Language learning (initial) is _________ across cultures

A

similar

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10
Q

Understanding language is critical for understanding _________

A

cognition

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11
Q

Language use relies on consistent & well-defined _________

A

patterns

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12
Q

Language is just a series of _________

A

rules

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13
Q

The Structure of Language:

_________ : coherent sequence of words that express the intended meaning of a speaker

A

Sentences

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14
Q

The Structure of Language:

_________ : small group of words that forms a conceptual unit

A

Phrases

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15
Q

The Structure of Language:

  • Sentences
  • Phrases
  • _________
  • Morpheme
  • Phonemes
A

Word

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16
Q

The Structure of Language:

_________ : smallest unit of language that have a definable meaning or grammar function

A

Morpheme

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17
Q

The Structure of Language:

_________ : smallest unit of language (sounds) that change word meaning (/c/at vs /b/ vs /f/)

A

Phonemes

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18
Q

Languages have very few phonemes—English < ___; Hawaiian = ___

A
  • 50

- 11

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19
Q

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

McGurk effect— _________ information

A

visual

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20
Q

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

Phoneme restoration effect— _________ knowledge

A

top-down

21
Q

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

Speech segmentation—top-down _________

A

knowledge

22
Q

_________

Letters easier to identify when presented in a word

A

Word superiority effect

23
Q

_________ – how we hear individual words out of a noisy signal

A

Speech segmentation

24
Q

Better at discriminating difference between different phonemes than within the same _________

A

phoneme

25
Q

_________ : time between when your mouth starts the phoneme and when your vocal cords start to _________

A
  • Voice onset time

- vibrate

26
Q

_________ : difference between Ba and Pa

A

Voice onset time

27
Q

_________ – anything that falls between the ba and pa on second graph

A

Categorical perception

28
Q

_________ – what makes something either a Ba or Pa category

A

Z Curves

29
Q

___ graph – can guarantee they are native speaker

___ graph – probably second language

A
  • Z

- S

30
Q

_________ : knowledge of what words mean

A

Lexicon

31
Q

_________ —lists of words/frequencies based on public sources (e.g., newspapers, blogs, Facebook posts)

A

Corpus

32
Q

_________ : Database of what words we know

A

Lexicon

33
Q

_________ – Body of words used

A

Corpus

34
Q

Part of what helps us recognize words with ease is _________

A

prediction

35
Q

_________ —decide whether a letter string is a word or not (‘Yes’ or ‘No’)

A

Lexical decision task

36
Q

_________ : the meaning of words

A

Semantics

37
Q

_________ : rules for combining words to form sentences

A

Syntax

38
Q

_________ - Producing, expressing, or picking up on language

A

Aphasias

39
Q

_________ aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe

A

Broca’s

40
Q

_________ aphasia—damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Wernicke’s

41
Q

Broca’s aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe

-_________ aphasia (syntax issues)

A

Non-fluent speech

42
Q

Broca’s aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe

  • Non-fluent speech aphasia (_________ issues)
  • Speech is very labored & fragmented
A

syntax

43
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia—

- _________ aphasia (semantic issues)

A

Smooth production/Fluent

44
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia—

“_________”—“Sadness cups coffee printer power outage.”

A

-Word salad

45
Q

_________ aphasia – problems with syntax

A

Broca’s

46
Q

Broca’s aphasia –
– problems putting words _________
-Non-fluent _________ aphasia

A
  • together

- speech

47
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia – Issues with the _________

A

semantics

48
Q

_________ – Peoples language dictates how they think about things

A

Whorf Hypothesis

49
Q

Whorf Hypothesis

-Peoples thinking can be affected by the language that they _________

A

use

Cognitive Psychology 317 (12 decks)

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