Exam 1 - Quizzes Flashcards
One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology:
argues that _________ mental states can be _________ studied.
- unobservable
- scientifically
Ebbinghaus’s “memory” experiments were important to the early development of cognitive psychology because they:
plotted functions (_________) that allowed us to visualize how the _________ operated
- graphs
- mind
Cognitive psychology relies on evidence from multiple domains (behavioral, neuroscience, trauma, etc.) because:
we cannot see the _________ processes directly, so converging evidence from multiple areas of psychology strengthens our _________ in the phenomena.
- cognitive
- trust
The process of taking observable information and inferring a cause is known as:
_________
the transcendental method
Patrick was in a car accident and hit his head on the dashboard. The emergency room doctors are concerned that he may have physically damaged a portion of his occipital lobe during the accident. Which of the following methods are they MOST likely to use to confirm or disprove their diagnosis?
_________
MRI
Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of:
_________
localization of function.
The cortex makes up the surface of which broad brain area?
_________
forebrain
The thalamus can be though of as __________.
The ‘sensory relay’ station
Neurons that respond to specific qualities (e.g., such as orientation, movement, and length) that make up objects are called
_________
feature detectors
Damage to the temporal lobe makes the _____ more difficult.
_________ problem
object discrimination
People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the
_________
oblique effect
You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of
_________
good continuation
Imagine you are reading a puzzling email from a friend. You identify the words, but have a hard time “reading between the lines.” In this example, word identification involves _____ processing while “reading between the lines” involves _____ processing.
_________
bottom-up; top-down
During a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected dots of color, texture, and location is because of a process called _______.
binding
The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as
_________
divided attention
Difficulty in recognizing an alteration – even a very obvious one – in a scene is called ________ blindness.
change
knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene is _________
Scene schema
The Stroop effect demonstrates
how _________ processing can interfere with _________ processing
- automatic
- intended
Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of
_________
short-term memory
You want to order a pizza and need to pay with a credit card. You glance at your credit card number and then put the card back into your wallet. When it comes time to pay, you can only remember the first four numbers. Which of the following provides the BEST explanation as to why?
The pizza delivery guy keeps _________ while you are _________ the digits
- talking
- rehearsing
It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if
one is handled by the _________ pad and one is handled by the _________ loop
- sketch
- phonological
Jill’s friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill’s memory is declining over the course of the week because other information she encounters is “competing” with that which she memorized on Monday. This process is called _________
proactive interference
