Exam 1 - Quizzes

Question 1

One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology:

argues that _________ mental states can be _________ studied.

Answer 1

• unobservable

- scientifically

Question 2

Ebbinghaus’s “memory” experiments were important to the early development of cognitive psychology because they:

plotted functions (_________) that allowed us to visualize how the _________ operated

Answer 2

• graphs

- mind

Question 3

Cognitive psychology relies on evidence from multiple domains (behavioral, neuroscience, trauma, etc.) because:

we cannot see the _________ processes directly, so converging evidence from multiple areas of psychology strengthens our _________ in the phenomena.

Answer 3

• cognitive

- trust

Question 4

The process of taking observable information and inferring a cause is known as:

_________

Answer 4

the transcendental method

Question 5

Patrick was in a car accident and hit his head on the dashboard. The emergency room doctors are concerned that he may have physically damaged a portion of his occipital lobe during the accident. Which of the following methods are they MOST likely to use to confirm or disprove their diagnosis?

_________

Answer 5

MRI

Question 6

Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of:

_________

Answer 6

localization of function.

Question 7

The cortex makes up the surface of which broad brain area?

_________

Answer 7

forebrain

Question 8

The thalamus can be though of as __________.

Answer 8

The ‘sensory relay’ station

Question 9

Neurons that respond to specific qualities (e.g., such as orientation, movement, and length) that make up objects are called
_________

Answer 9

feature detectors

Question 10

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the _____ more difficult.

_________ problem

Answer 10

object discrimination

Question 11

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the
_________

Answer 11

oblique effect

Question 12

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of
_________

Answer 12

good continuation

Question 13

Imagine you are reading a puzzling email from a friend. You identify the words, but have a hard time “reading between the lines.” In this example, word identification involves _____ processing while “reading between the lines” involves _____ processing.
_________

Answer 13

bottom-up; top-down

Question 14

During a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected dots of color, texture, and location is because of a process called _______.

Answer 14

binding

Question 15

The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as
_________

Answer 15

divided attention

Question 16

Difficulty in recognizing an alteration – even a very obvious one – in a scene is called ________ blindness.

Answer 16

change

Question 17

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene is _________

Answer 17

Scene schema

Question 18

The Stroop effect demonstrates

how _________ processing can interfere with _________ processing

Answer 18

• automatic

- intended

Question 19

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of
_________

Answer 19

short-term memory

Question 20

You want to order a pizza and need to pay with a credit card. You glance at your credit card number and then put the card back into your wallet. When it comes time to pay, you can only remember the first four numbers. Which of the following provides the BEST explanation as to why?

The pizza delivery guy keeps _________ while you are _________ the digits

Answer 20

• talking

- rehearsing

Question 21

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the _________ pad and one is handled by the _________ loop

Answer 21

• sketch

- phonological

Question 22

Jill’s friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill’s memory is declining over the course of the week because other information she encounters is “competing” with that which she memorized on Monday. This process is called _________

Answer 22

proactive interference