Exam 2 - Chapter 5 Flashcards
_________ : process of retaining, retrieving and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present
Memory
Memory: process of retaining, retrieving and using information about _________ , images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer _________
- stimuli
- present
Memory is active anytime a past experience affects the way a person _________ or behaves currently or in the _________
- thinks
- future
Memory includes any time you are activating a _________ experience, that has implications of how you will or will not _________ in future
- past
- behave
Memory: Stages- -Acquisition: - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : -Retrieval:
Storage
Memory:
Stages
_________ : gaining information and placing it in memory
-Acquisition
Memory:
Stages
_________ : holding on to information in memory until needed
-Storage
Memory:
Stages
_________ : ‘remembering’ or pulling that information when needed
-Retrieval
Memory: Stages- - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : -Storage: - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
- Acquisition
- Retrieval
_________ : older theory of cognitive psychology in which cognitive processes, such as learning, require several small steps
Information processing
Information processing: older theory of cognitive psychology in which cognitive processes, such as learning, require several _________
small steps
Information processing:
Each step has to be completed so that _________ can move to the next step
information
Information Processing – often uses _________
serial processing
_________ – often using Information Processing
Boxes and arrows
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Very brief (fractions of a second) ‘after image’ left in the sensory system after the stimulation disappears
Sensory memory
Sensory memory -
iconic = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ echoic = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- visual
- auditory
Sensory memory - Very brief (fractions of a second) ‘after image’ left in the sensory system after the stimulation \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
disappears
_________ -
Brief storage of memory (several seconds) that needs repetition to stay in memory
Working memory
Working memory -
Brief storage of memory (several seconds) that needs _________ to stay in memory
repetition
_________ memory – trail of light from sparklers
Sensory
_________ memory = Working memory
Short term
_________ -
Storage of information for a long time (days>infinity)
Long term memory (LTM)
Long term memory (LTM):
_________ memory: memory for experiences (e.g., prom, graduation)
Episodic
Long term memory (LTM):
Episodic memory: memory for experiences (e.g., _________ , graduation)
prom
Long term memory (LTM):
_________ memory: memory for facts (e.g., 1st US president, who cut down a cherry tree?)
Semantic
Long term memory (LTM):
Semantic memory: memory for facts (e.g., 1st US _________ , who cut down a cherry tree?)
president
Long term memory (LTM):
_________ memory: memory for muscle coordination (e.g., riding a bike, playing musical instruments)
Procedural
Long term memory (LTM):
Procedural memory: memory for muscle coordination (e.g., riding a _________ , playing musical instruments)
-bike
_________ memory - Tied to a specific incident in your life
Episodic
_________ memory – basic knowledge, not tied to a specific incident in your life
Semantic
_________ memory – how to do things
Procedural
Sensory > _________ > Long Term Memory
Working memory
_________ > Working memory > _________
- Sensory
- Long Term Memory
Modal Model: Current Views
_________ memory deemed less important
Sensory
The role of working memory in memory-
-Originally thought of as ‘loading/unloading’ dock for _________
This view has been modified—not a place, but a _________ of memory
- LTM
- status
Long term information – _________ information
Short term memory – _________ items
- Infinite
- 7
Regardless of how information is presented, the goal of working memory is to keep this information _________ for when we need it
-active
Measuring Working Memory: Digit Span
Digit span ≈ _________
7±2
Digit span ≈ 7±2
_________ : units of information
Chunks
Measuring Working Memory: Operation Span
- Storing final words of the _________
- Working with full sentences
- – -back-and-forth
- sentences
- Switching
Measuring Working Memory: Operation Span
More strongly related to other cognitive measures and ‘_________’ (e.g., IQ) than digit span performance
success
Working Memory System
_________ , not a single entity
System
Working Memory System
-Baddeley model
_________ —organizes info. In slave systems, combines info. in slave systems, selective attention to slave systems,
Central Executive
Working Memory System
-Baddeley model
_________ - Holds information about what we see and hear
‘Slave’ systems
Working Memory System
-Baddeley model
_________ —recent addition, chronological sequence
Episodic buffer
Working Memory System-
_________ – repeating a phone number
Phonological loop
Working Memory System-
_________ – visualizing a sketch pad with a list of words
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Working Memory System-
_________ – keeps things in order
Episodic buffer
Working Memory System-
_________ : Phonological loop, Visuo-spatial sketch pad, Episodic buffer
Slave systems
