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Cognitive Psychology 317 > Exam 1 - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ : attending to one thing while ignoring others

A

Selective attention

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2
Q

Selective attention: attending to one thing while _________ others

A

ignoring

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3
Q

Selective attention:

_________ : one stimulus interfering with the processing of another stimulus

A

Distraction

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4
Q

_________ : attending to more than one thing at a time

A

Divided attention

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5
Q

_________ : rapid shifting of attention (e.g., loud noise, hearing name, something of interest)

A

Attentional capture

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6
Q

Attentional capture: rapid shifting of attention (e.g., loud noise, hearing _________, something of _________)

A
  • name

- interest

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7
Q

**Notice there are some attentional properties that overlap/lead to different results—attention is _________ **

A

complex

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8
Q

The construct of attention—no agreed definition, but we all know what it is and there are _________ ways to group it and measure it

A

numerous

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9
Q

_________ – we know what it is but generally cannot agree upon what it is – Happiness, Love, etc.

A

Construct

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10
Q

_________ :

-refers to the skill through which one focuses on one input or one task while ignoring other stimuli

A

Selective Attention

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11
Q

Selective Attention

-refers to the skill through which one focuses on one input or one task while _________ other stimuli

A

ignoring

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12
Q

Selective Attention

_________ definition
“Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession of the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalisation, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies a withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.”

A

William James

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13
Q

_________ :

Early method to measure selective attention

A

—Dichotic Listening

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14
Q

Dichotic Listening: Task

Participants wear headphones and hear different _________ signals in the left & right ears

A

speech

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15
Q

Dichotic Listening: Task

Participants wear headphones and hear different speech signals in the left & right ears
-Attended vs. _________ channels

A

unattended

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16
Q

_________ -

IN CLASS EXERCISE—3 brave
souls and 2 books?

A

Dichotic Listening:

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17
Q

Dichotic Listening:

Shadowing the _________ channel is pretty good

A

attended

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18
Q

Dichotic Listening:

Participants can rarely recall or recognize what was presented in the _________ channel

A

unattended

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19
Q

Didn’t realize Czech words presented in _________ channel

A

unattended

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20
Q

Unless, the information is personally relevant

_________ : participants hear their own name or personally relevant words in the unattended channel, or topic of personal interest

A

Cocktail party effect

21
Q

Unless, the information is personally relevant

Cocktail party effect: participants hear their own name or _________ relevant words in the _________ channel, or topic of personal interest

A
  • personally

- unattended

22
Q

Cocktail party effect:

Suggests that information doesn’t get through, unless it is personally _________

A

important

23
Q

Older theory: bottleneck theories

Attentional resources are limited, some info. must be ‘_________’

A

lost

24
Q

Newer theories: filter theories

Selected information gets through, while _________ information does not

A

irrelevant

25
Q

Newer theories: filter theories

‘Booster’ theories—sometimes attention is _________ to what you are supposed to attend to

A

attenuated

26
Q

_________ —stimuli receives little consideration (if at all) at the perceptual level

A

Early selection filtering

27
Q

Early selection filtering—stimuli receives little consideration (if at all) at the _________ level

A

perceptual

28
Q

_________ filtering—

Example: Selective furnishing from free stuff for your new place

A

Early selection

29
Q

_________ —all stimuli is perceived, but ‘weeded’ out somewhere higher into cognitive processing

A

Late selection filtering

30
Q

Late selection filtering—all stimuli is perceived, but ‘weeded’ out somewhere _________ into cognitive processing

A

higher

31
Q

_________ filtering—

Example: Take all the free stuff and get rid of stuff later

A

Late selection

32
Q

_________ Associations - damage to one area, affects one area

A

Single

33
Q

_________ associations - two areas of the brain with two independent roles - independent systems

A

Double

34
Q

Subcortical structures -

_________ - forming new memories

A

hippocampus

35
Q

Subcortical structures -

_________ - motor control

A

basal ganglia

36
Q

Subcortical structures -

_________ - sensory relay station

A

thalamus

37
Q

Subcortical structures -

_________ - emotion regulation

A

amygdala

38
Q

EEG -

Benefits: faster _________ time (temporal sensitivity)

Downside: Not very _________ , can only look at cortex - not _________ into brain

A
  • response
  • specific
  • deep
39
Q

_________ - Benefits: looks deep into brain (structure and function), great _________ resolution

A
  • FMRI

- spatial

40
Q

_________ - Alter electrical activity in brain

A

TMS

41
Q

_________ - measure of space in between peeks of Signal Detection Theory curves
–a measure of sensitivity

A

d prime

42
Q

d prime - measure of space in between peeks of Signal Detection Theory curves
–a measure of _________

A

sensitivity

43
Q

_________ - same as d prime but on a more manageable/understandable scale

A

a prime

44
Q

a prime - same as d prime but on a more _________ scale

A

manageable/understandable

45
Q

(_________ of yes/no = .5/50%)

A

a prime

46
Q

_________ - where you decide to say when something is noise vs the voice you want to hear

A

Bias

47
Q

Bias - where you decide to say when something is _________ vs the voice you _________ to hear

A
  • noise

- want

48
Q

_________ -

– how willing you are to make a hit vs. a false alarm

A

Bias

49
Q

-Hit rate and false alarm rate are not _________ on each other - they are _________ of each other

A
  • dependent

- independent

Cognitive Psychology 317 (12 decks)

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