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Cognitive Psychology 317 > Exam 2 - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ : process of getting information into LTM

A

Encoding

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2
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-
Examples:
-Repeating information
-Developing mnemonics
-Practice
A

Encoding

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3
Q

Encoding:

_________ : repeating information, over-and-over, without considering meaning or connecting to other information

A

Maintenance rehearsal

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4
Q

Encoding:

_________ : relating information to something meaningful (‘deep processing’)

A

Elaborative rehearsal

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5
Q

_________ – really thinking about the information

A

deep processing

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6
Q

_________

-Theory argues that the quality of encoding/recall depends upon how deeply the information is processed

A

Craik & Lockhart (1972)

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7
Q

Craik & Lockhart (1972)

-Theory argues that the quality of encoding/recall depends upon how _________ the information is processed

A

deeply

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8
Q

Encoding:

Connecting info to yourself (‘_________ effect’)

A

self-referential

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9
Q

Encoding:

_________ (making up your own exam questions)

A

Retrieval practice

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10
Q

_________ : process of transferring info from LTM to WM

A

Retrieval

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11
Q

Many memory failures are due to _________ issues (‘Blanking’ in the moment)

A

retrieval

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12
Q

_________ :
Forgetting a co-worker’s name
Forgetting what I need to bring for the day

A

retrieval issues

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13
Q

_________ : words or other stimuli that help us remember information stored in memory

A

Retrieval cues

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14
Q

_________-

Returning to the place where we had the original thought

A

Retrieval cues

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15
Q

_________-
Flood of memories at an ‘old haunt’
Music/smells/tastes triggering memories

A

Retrieval cues

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16
Q

_________- —provide all the words that you remember

A

Recall task

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17
Q

Recall task-

Requires _________ search

A

memory

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18
Q

_________ : encode info, along with the context of the info

A

Encoding specificity

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19
Q

Encoding specificity: encode info, along with the _________ of the info

A

context

20
Q

Encoding Specificity:

Recalling information in an environment similar to where we learned the information influences _________ performance

A

recall

21
Q

Encoding Specificity:

Divers showed better learning when their learning & testing _________ matched

A

environments

22
Q

Encoding Specificity:

Not just the physical environment—just _________ about the learning environment can show similar effects

A

thinking

23
Q

_________ —learning associated with a particular internal state (mood, state of awareness)

A

State-dependent learning

24
Q

_________ : process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are more resistant to disruption

A

Consolidation

25
Q

Consolidation: process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more _________ state, in which they are more resistant to_________

A
  • permanent

- disruption

26
Q

_________ —structural changes at the neuronal level (minutes – hours)

A

Synaptic consolidation

27
Q

_________ —organization/reorganization of neural circuits (months – years)

A

Systems consolidation

28
Q

Systems consolidation—organization/reorganization of neural circuits (_________ )

A

months – years

29
Q

Synaptic consolidation—structural changes at the neuronal level (_________ )

A

minutes – hours

30
Q

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP -

Repeated activity of a neuron(s) changes _________

A

connections

31
Q

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP

Remember, not just one neuron, but many firing for a _________

A

memory

32
Q

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP

_________ : enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation

A

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

33
Q

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): enhanced firing of neurons after repeated _________

A

stimulation

34
Q

Systems Consolidation:

Standard Model of Consolidation
-Incoming info (sights, sounds, emotions) activates _________ areas

A

cortical

35
Q

Systems Consolidation:

_________ areas communicate with the hippocampus—hippocampus coordinates cortical _________

A
  • Cortical

- activity

36
Q

Systems Consolidation:

Cortical areas communicate with the _________ - _________ coordinates cortical activity

A

-hippocampus

—hippocampus

37
Q

Systems Consolidation:

_________ —later, the hippocampus replays this activity, which forms cortical connections

A

Reactivation

38
Q

Systems Consolidation:

Reactivation—later, the hippocampus replays this activity, which forms _________ connections

A

cortical

39
Q

Systems Consolidation:

Over time, cortical activations ‘connected’ without the _________

A

hippocampus

40
Q

While consolidation starts at _________ formation, it is thought to be especially strong during sleep

A

memory

41
Q

While consolidation starts at memory formation, it is thought to be especially strong during _________

A

sleep

42
Q

Expecting to be tested improves this
_________ —knowledge of how a
memory will be used affects
consolidation

A

consolidation

43
Q

_________ changes— _________ changes (new home, closed streets, stores/classes moving)

A
  • Life

- memory

44
Q

_________ : process of a memory becoming fragile when it is retrieved, so that is can be _________

A
  • Reconsolidation

- revised/updated

45
Q

Support for Reconsolidation: _________

A

PTSD

46
Q

Support for Reconsolidation: PTSD

  • _________ —drug that blocks stress hormone release in the amygdala
A

Propranolol

47
Q

Support for Reconsolidation: PTSD

-Propranolol—drug that blocks stress hormone release in the _________

A

amygdala

Cognitive Psychology 317 (12 decks)

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